Gongsun Zan

One of the warlords of the late Eastern Han Dynasty in China. A native of Lingzhi, Liaoxi (northeast of Changli County, Hebei Province). He started out as a subordinate official in a district, where he was praised by the governor for his good looks. He was made a captive colonel for his contributions in the subjugation of the Wuhuan, and in 191 he defeated 300,000 Yellow Turban troops from Qingzhou and Xuzhou, earning his fame and earning him the title of General Fengbu. Around this time, he began to clash with Yuan Shao, a hero of northern China. Zan captured Liu Yu, governor of Youzhou, and seized his land, making Yijing (northern Xiong County, Hebei Province) his base. He fought against Yuan Shao in repeated victories and defeats, but Zan prepared for this by opening farms near Yijing. However, because he treated the officials harshly, the governors of the counties and prefectures under his control turned against him. Zan's suspicions intensified, and he built the city gates out of iron and forbade boys over the age of seven from entering the city. In 198, Yuan Shao's attacks intensified, and in the following year of 199, he was defeated. He killed his sisters, his wife, and his children, set fire to his mansion, and committed suicide.

[Naohiro Goi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、後漢(ごかん)末の群雄の一人。遼西(りょうせい)令支（河北省昌黎(しょうれい)県北東）の人。初め郡の下吏となり、美男と大声で太守に認められた。烏丸(うがん)討伐に功をたてて降虜校尉(こうりょこうい)となり、191年には青州、徐州の黄巾(こうきん)軍30万を破って威名をとどろかせ、奮武(ふんぶ)将軍に任ぜられた。このころから華北の雄、袁紹(えんしょう)との対立が始まり、瓚は幽州牧の劉虞(りゅうぐ)を虜(とりこ)にしてその地を奪い、易京（河北省雄県北）を根拠地とした。袁紹との戦いは勝敗を繰り返したが、瓚は易京付近に屯田を開いてこれに備えた。しかし、吏民を過酷に扱ったため、配下の郡県の長官も彼に背くに至ると、瓚は城門を鉄でつくり、7歳以上の男子は入城を禁止するなど猜疑心(さいぎしん)を強めた。198年、袁紹の攻撃が強くなり、翌199年に大敗すると、姉妹妻子を殺し、館(やかた)に火を放って自殺した。

［五井直弘］

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