A compound of nitrogen with an element that is more electropositive than nitrogen. Also called a nitride. Compounds with all elements except the noble gases, platinum group elements, and gold are known. Azides (compounds containing the N 3 -ion ) are sometimes included in this category, but their properties are different from those of ordinary nitrides. Conventional nitrides can be divided into three types: covalent nitrides, ionic nitrides, and interstitial nitrides. (1) Covalent nitride: A compound of hydrogen or a non-transition element below group 13, generally with a composition according to the atomic valence (ammonia NH3 , boron nitride BN, phosphorus nitride P2N3 , etc. ) . (2) Ionic nitride: A compound of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, cadmium, etc. (sodium nitride (Na 3 N), magnesium nitride (Mg 3 N 2 , etc.). Generally produced by direct reaction between elements. Most of them are crystals with high melting points, and react with water to produce ammonia. (3) Interstitial nitride: Nitrides of transition elements belong to this group, and their composition does not necessarily follow the atomic valence (titanium nitride TiN, vanadium nitride VN, iron nitride Fe 4 N, etc.). Because they have a structure in which nitrogen atoms invade the gaps between metal atoms, they often do not have an accurate stoichiometric value. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
窒素と、それよりも陽性な元素との化合物。ニトリドともいう。希ガス元素、白金族元素および金を除くすべての元素との化合物が知られる。アジ化物(N3-イオンを含む化合物)をこれに含めることもあるが、本来は通常の窒化物とは性質が異なる。 通常の窒化物は共有性窒化物、イオン性窒化物、侵入型窒化物の3種に分類できる。 (1)共有性窒化物covalent nitride 水素や第13族以下の非遷移元素との化合物で、一般に原子価に従った組成をもつ(アンモニアNH3、窒化ホウ素BN、窒化リンP2N3など)。 (2)イオン性窒化物ionic nitride アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属および亜鉛、カドミウムなどの化合物(窒化ナトリウムNa3N、窒化マグネシウムMg3N2など)。一般に元素間の直接反応でつくられる。多く融点の高い結晶で、水と反応してアンモニアを生ずる。 (3)侵入型窒化物interstitial nitride 遷移元素の窒化物がこれに属し、組成はかならずしも原子価に従わない(窒化チタンTiN、窒化バナジウムVN、窒化鉄Fe4Nなど)。金属原子のすきまに窒素原子が侵入した構造をとるため、正確な化学量論的な値をとらないことが多い。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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