AI is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) that protects against human rights violations by political powers. The word "amnesty" comes from the Greek word "amnēstia" (to forget), and generally means amnesty or pardon. AI was founded in London in 1961 as an international human rights organization in response to the call of British lawyer Peter Benenson, based on the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which proclaims respect for fundamental human rights. Its objectives are (1) the release of "prisoners of conscience" who are detained for reasons such as belief, religion, race, skin color, language, and sex, (2) the abolition of the death penalty and torture, (3) fair and speedy trials for political prisoners, (4) recognition that conscientious objection to military service is a fundamental human right, and (5) respect for the rights of refugees. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
政治的権力による人権侵害を守るための民間国際救援機関。略称AI。独立の非政府組織(NGO)である。amnestyはギリシア語amnēstia(忘却)に由来し,一般に恩赦・特赦を意味する。AIは基本的人権の尊重をうたった〈世界人権宣言〉(1948)の精神に基づき,イギリス人弁護士ベネンソンPeter Benensonの呼びかけに応じて,1961年国際的人権擁護団体としてロンドンで発足した。その目的は(1)思想・信条,宗教,人種,皮膚の色,言語,性などの理由で拘禁されている〈良心の囚人prisoners of conscience〉の釈放,(2)死刑,拷問の廃止,(3)政治犯の公正,迅速な裁判,(4)良心的兵役拒否は基本的人権であることの承認,(5)亡命者の権利の尊重,などにある。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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