The ratio of government bond issuance to the general account budget of the nation. It rose sharply in the late 1970s as the government began issuing large amounts of deficit bonds, reaching 39.6% at the beginning of fiscal 1979. Since dependence on government bonds not only reduces fiscal flexibility but also risks financial collapse due to future interest payment burdens, the Ministry of Finance set "breaking away from deficit bond dependency" as its biggest policy goal and implemented strict expenditure restraints. The goal was postponed in fiscal 1980, 1984, and 1990, but in fiscal 1990, the government finally avoided issuing deficit bonds for the first time in 15 years. In addition, a future goal was set to reduce the government bond dependency to around 5% or less. However, the collapse of the bubble economy led to a drop in tax revenues, forcing the government to issue more construction bonds, and the ratio rose again from 1992 onwards. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
国の一般会計予算に占める国債発行額の割合。 1970年代後半に入って赤字国債の大量発行が始ったのに伴って急激に上昇,1979年度当初には 39.6%にも達した。国債への依存は財政の自由度が失われるほかに将来の利払い負担で財政が破綻するため,大蔵省は「赤字国債依存体質からの脱却」を最大の政策目標に掲げてきびしい歳出抑制を実施した。 80年度,84年度,90年度と目標を先送りしたが,90年度にはついに 15年ぶりに赤字国債発行を回避した。さらに将来は公債依存度を5%程度以下まで引下げるなどの目標も設定された。しかし,バブル経済崩壊による税収の落込みで建設国債増発を迫られ,92年以降再度上昇した。
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