Irkutsk - Irkutsk (English spelling)

Japanese: イルクーツク - いるくーつく(英語表記)Иркутск/Irkutsk
Irkutsk - Irkutsk (English spelling)

The capital of Irkutsk Oblast in central Russia. One of the most important economic centers in Eastern Siberia. Located 66 km west of Lake Baikal, at the confluence of the Angara and Irkut rivers. Population 596,400 (1999). A key transportation location, with an important station on the Trans-Siberian Railway, a river port on the Angara River, an intersection of highways, and an important airport. Industry is developing with old coal mines and oil refineries nearby, and a hydroelectric power plant (660,000 kW) within the city. The city's industries include machinery manufacturing such as heavy machinery, machine tools, dredging machines for gold and diamond extraction, smelting equipment, ore-dressing machines, swivel shafts, lathes, etc., mica processing (for radio and electrical equipment), construction materials, and reinforced concrete products, light industry (sewing, furniture, footwear, hosiery, leather, felt boots), and food products (tea, macaroni, confectionery, meat, dairy, flour milling, and general feed). The city is also an academic and cultural center, with research institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, comprehensive and single-subject universities, art galleries, museums, theaters, etc.

The city straddles both banks of the Angara River, with the political and commercial district on the right bank, the central city, and the railway station, the block of the Academy of Sciences branch, and the industrial area on the left bank. The town's origins date back to a stockade (fort) built on the right bank in 1661, and it became a city in 1686, developing as the administrative centre of Eastern Siberia and a trade hub with Mongolia and China. During the imperial era, it was a place of exile for political prisoners. The Soviet regime was established in 1918, but after fighting against the counter-revolutionary forces after the Russian Revolution, it was annexed to the Soviet regime in January 1920. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has been part of the Russian Federation. It is a sister city of Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture.

[Masatoshi Mikami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア連邦中部、イルクーツク州の州都。東シベリアのもっとも重要な経済中心地の一つ。バイカル湖の西方66キロメートル、アンガラ川とイルクート川の合流点に位置する。人口59万6400(1999)。シベリア鉄道の重要駅、アンガラ川運輸の河港、自動車道の交点、重要な空港があるなど、交通の要地。付近に古い炭鉱、製油所、市内に水力発電所(66万キロワット)があって工業が発達している。重機械類、工作機、金・ダイヤモンド採取用の浚渫(しゅんせつ)機、溶鉱装置、選鉱機、自在回転軸、旋盤などの機械製造業、雲母(うんも)加工(無線、電機用)、建設資材、鉄筋コンクリート製品などの製造業、軽工業(縫製、家具、履き物、メリヤス、皮革、フェルト製長靴)、食料品(茶、マカロニ、菓子、肉、乳業、製粉、総合飼料)の工業がある。市内にはロシア科学アカデミー・シベリア支部の諸研究所、総合・単科諸大学、美術館、博物館、劇場などがあって、学術、文化の中心地でもある。

 市街はアンガラ川の両岸にまたがり、右岸は都心で政治・商業地域、左岸には鉄道駅、科学アカデミー支部の街区、工業地域がある。1661年に右岸に建設された柵(さく)(砦(とりで))が町の発端で、1686年に市となり、東シベリアの行政中心地、モンゴルおよび中国との貿易中継地として発達した。帝政時代は政治犯の流刑地。1918年にソビエト政権が樹立されたが、ロシア革命後、反革命軍との抗戦を経て、1920年1月にソビエト政権下に帰属した。1991年ソ連解体後はロシア連邦に所属している。石川県金沢市の姉妹都市。

[三上正利]

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