Amir (English spelling)

Japanese: アミール(英語表記)amīr
Amir (English spelling)
It is often pronounced as Emir. It is an Arabic word meaning military commander, local governor, or prince. In the early Islamic period, it was synonymous with Amir, but during the Umayyad period, amirs gained military and financial authority, and some even appointed judges and minted coins in their own name. From the second half of the 9th century onwards, amirs refused to pay tribute to the Abbasid state and formed independent dynasties one after another, such as the Aghlabids in North Africa, the Tulunids in Egypt, and the Samanids in Iran. In the Seljuk, Ayyubid, and Mamluk dynasties, military commanders of all ranks were called Amirs. The English word Admiral comes from this word.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
エミールと発音される場合が多い。軍事司令官,地方総督,王子を意味するアラビア語。初期イスラム時代にはアーミルと同義語であったが,ウマイヤ朝時代になると軍事・財政上の権限を兼有するようになり,法官を任命し,みずからの名で貨幣を鋳造するアミールも現れた。9世紀後半以降は北アフリカのアグラブ朝,エジプトのトゥールーン朝,イランのサーマン朝のようにアミールがアッバース朝国家に対する貢納を拒否して,次々と独立王朝を形成するようになった。なおセルジューク朝,アイユーブ朝,マムルーク朝では各階級の軍事司令官がアミールの名で呼ばれた。英語のアドミラル (提督) はこの語に由来する。

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