Red Army

Japanese: 紅軍 - こうぐん
Red Army

Abbreviation for the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Also translated as the Red Army. Its origins are said to be the troops that participated in the Nanchang Uprising on August 1, 1927, but the name Red Army first came from the Fourth Army of the Red Army, which was formed in May 1928 at Jinggangshan by the merger and reorganization of the armies of Mao Zedong and Zhu De. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, through discussions with the Kuomintang, the Red Army in North China was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army in August 1937, and the Red Army in Central China was reorganized into the New Fourth Army in October, and the name Red Army was dropped. The military strength numbered about 300,000 in 1933, but had decreased to tens of thousands by the end of the Long March in the fall of 1935. It was a party army under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, and was mainly made up of peasants. It played an extremely important role in the Chinese Revolution, when armed struggle became the main form of struggle.

[Yasui Sankichi March 19, 2018]

[Reference item] | New Fourth Army | Eighth Route Army

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国労農紅軍の略称。赤軍とも訳す。1927年8月1日の南昌(なんしょう)蜂起に参加した部隊がその起源とされているが、紅軍の呼称は、1928年5月、井岡山(せいこうざん)における毛沢東(もうたくとう/マオツォートン)、朱徳(しゅとく/チュートー)両軍の合流・改編で成立した紅軍第四軍に始まる。盧溝橋(ろこうきょう)事件後、国民党との話し合いにより、1937年8月、華北の紅軍が国民革命軍第八路軍に、10月には、華中の紅軍が新編第四軍へとそれぞれ改編され、紅軍という呼称はなくなる。兵力は、1933年には約30万を数えたが、長征終了時の1935年秋には数万に減っていた。中国共産党指導下の党軍で、主体は農民。武装闘争がおもな闘争形態となった中国革命において、きわめて重要な役割を担った。

[安井三吉 2018年3月19日]

[参照項目] | 新四軍 | 八路軍

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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