This is a Bronze Age culture that was formed in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in southern Siberia, especially in the Minusinsk Basin in the Republic of Khakassia, at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. Research on this culture is mainly based on grave sites. Clan cemeteries consisting of hundreds of graves are not uncommon, and graves are generally surrounded by stone slabs arranged in a circle or rectangle, with a burial pit inside. The bodies are buried in a flexed position with their heads facing northeast, and pottery is placed near the head. Various bronze products such as knives, daggers, battle axes, bracelets, buttons, belt fittings, and needles are also buried as grave goods. The bones of livestock are found next to the bodies, which may be offerings of meat to the dead. It is thought that they made their living by raising livestock, and some of the bronze knife handles, which are essential to the life of nomadic people, are shaped like goats' heads. This culture also had a major influence on the ethnic cultures of the steppes and forest regions of Kazakhstan in the west and Altai and Mongolia in the east. [Kazuyoshi Otsuka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
紀元前二千年紀末、南シベリアのエニセイ川上流域、ことにハカシア共和国ミヌシンスク盆地を中心に形成された青銅器時代の文化。この文化の研究は、主として墓址(ぼし)によってなされている。数百基よりなる氏族墓地もまれではなく、墓は一般に、板石を円形もしくは長方形に立て並べて囲われ、その中に墓壙(ぼこう)がある。埋葬された遺体は、頭を北東方向に向けた側臥(そくが)屈葬で、頭部付近に土器が置かれている。また、刀子(とうす)(ナイフ)、短剣、闘斧(とうふ)、腕輪、ボタン、帯金具、針などの各種の青銅製品が副葬された。遺体の傍らに家畜の骨がみられるが、これは死者に肉なども供えたのであろう。彼らの生業は牧畜によっていたと考えられ、牧民生活に欠かせない青銅製の刀子の柄には、ヤギの頭をかたどったものもある。この文化は、西はカザフスタン、東はアルタイからモンゴリアにかけての草原や森林地帯の諸民族文化にも大きな影響を与えた。 [大塚和義] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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