The introduction of an amino group -NH2 into an organic compound. Methods of amination include the following: (1) Direct amination: The hydrogen bonded to carbon is directly replaced with an amino group. For example, reacting pyridine with sodium amide in liquid ammonia produces 2-aminopyridine. However, this method is not commonly used. (2) Substitution reaction with ammonia: Ammonia is reacted with alkyl halides to produce amines, and ammonia is reacted with acid halides or acid anhydrides to produce amides. This is also called ammonolysis. (3) Amination by reduction The reduction of nitro compounds with metals such as iron or tin and acid to produce amines is an important method for the synthesis of aromatic amines. Nitriles and amides can also be reduced to produce amines. [Manabu Yamamoto] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
有機化合物にアミノ基-NH2を導入すること。アミノ化の方法には次のようなものがある。 (1)直接アミノ化 炭素に結合した水素を直接アミノ基に置換する。たとえば、液体アンモニア中で、ピリジンにナトリウムアミドを作用させると2‐アミノピリジンを生成する。しかしこの方法は一般的ではない。 (2)アンモニアによる置換反応 ハロゲン化アルキルにアンモニアを作用させてアミンを、また酸ハロゲン化物や酸無水物にアンモニアを作用させてアミドを生成する。アンモノリシスともいう。 (3)還元によるアミノ化 ニトロ化合物を鉄やスズなどの金属と酸で還元してアミンとする方法は、芳香族アミンの合成法として重要である。ニトリルやアミドを還元してアミンとする反応もある。 [山本 学] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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