…After the death of the master, the workshop was either hereditary or inherited by a capable assistant, as in the case of Giulio Romano who took over Raphael's workshop. It was natural that workshop activities led to the formation of a "school," a group of artists who followed the style of a single artist (master). This tendency was particularly noticeable after the Renaissance, when attention was focused on the style of outstanding individuals. On the other hand, interest in individuality and the ideological separation of art and craft created a negative attitude toward the workshop system as early as the High Renaissance. … From [Flock]…It is a general term for a group of animals. In Japanese, it is not unusual to use this word regardless of the species, but in English, a school is used for a group of swimming fish, a flock for a group of birds, a herd for a group of ungulates, a pack for a group of wolves, a pride for a group of lions, a pod for a small group of whales or seals, a group for an organized group of monkeys, and a troop for a relatively large group. These groups are divided into those with fixed members and those in which members of the same species, or individuals of the same age and species, or individuals of the same sex, can be freely replaced. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "school" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…親方の死後は,工房は世襲されるか,ジュリオ・ロマーノがラファエロの工房を引き継いだ場合のように,有力な助手により継承された。 工房活動が,一芸術家(親方)の様式にならう者たちの集団である〈派school〉の形成に結びついたのは自然ななりゆきであり,この傾向は特に傑出した個人の様式が注目されるようになったルネサンス以後著しい。他方で個性への関心,芸術と手工業の理念的分離は,盛期ルネサンスに早くも工房制度に対する否定的立場を生み出した。… 【群れ】より…動物の集合を表す一般用語で,日本語では動物種によらずこの語を用いてとくに違和感を感じないが,英語では,遊泳中の魚群などにはschoolをあて,鳥類の群れにはflockを,有蹄類の群れにはherdを,オオカミの群れにはpackを,ライオンなどの群れにはprideを,クジラやアザラシなどの小さな群れにはpodを,またサルなどの組織化された群れにはgroupを,その比較的サイズの大きいものにはtroopをあてる。これらの群れには,その構成員が定まっているものと,同種の個体あるいは同種で同年齢の個体,あるいは同じ性の個体であれば自由に入れ換えが可能なものとがある。… ※「school」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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