A general term for a group of thinkers in late 17th century England who sought to reconcile the conflict between Renaissance humanism and Christian theology by reviving Platonism. The name comes from the fact that its founder, Benjamin Whichcote, and his students Cudworth, H. More, and John Smith, were all from Cambridge University. At the time, the origin of morality was a topic of debate. Calvinists taught that morality is established by absolute obedience to the will of a single "God," but they interpreted Plato's philosophy in a Neoplatonic way, arguing that there exists a divine wisdom that even the power of "God" cannot change, and that recognizing and obeying this is nothing other than the pursuit of goodness by good people. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
17世紀後半のイギリスで,プラトン主義の再興によってルネサンス的人文主義とキリスト教神学の相克を融和しようとした一群の思想家の総称。創唱者のウィッチコートBenjamin Whichcote,その弟子のカドワース,H.モア,スミスJohn Smithなどがケンブリッジ大学に拠っていたのでこの名がある。当時,道徳の起源が論争の的になっていた。カルバン派は唯一の〈神〉の意志に絶対的に従うことから道徳が成立すると説いたが,彼らはプラトン哲学を新プラトン主義的に解釈して,〈神〉の力ですら変えることのできない神的英知とそれに支えられる宇宙法則が存在し,それを認識し,それに従うことこそ,善き人間の善への希求にほかならないと論じた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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