The capital of the Somme department in northeastern France. Population 135,501 (1999), 132,874 (2015 census). 132 km north of Paris, halfway between Paris and the northern region of France, it has long been the center of the Picardy region and is located along the Somme River. It has a strong administrative character as it has the prefecture office and the Court of Appeal, and there are many religious facilities as it has a bishopric. A university was founded and the tertiary industry is also well developed. Textiles and clothing industries (velvet, cotton, silk, wool, linen, ready-made clothes, socks, etc.) have been a specialty of the city since the Middle Ages, and the industrial sector has diversified with the addition of machinery, electrical appliances, tires, food, printing, and dyeing industries, and industrialization has caused a population increase. It is a production center for agricultural products, and since the old town straddles seven tributaries of the Somme River, a floating vegetable market is held. It has been the center of the region since Roman times, and became a territory of the Kings of France at the end of the 12th century, and the House of Burgundy in the 15th century. It briefly became a Spanish territory at the end of the 16th century, but was recaptured by Henry IV. In 1802, a peace treaty between Napoleon and the British army was signed here (Peace of Amiens). The city was destroyed during the First and Second World Wars. Amiens Cathedral, located in the center of the old town, is known as one of the largest and most finest Gothic buildings (13th century) in France. [Nobuo Takahashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス北東部、ソンム県の県都。人口13万5501(1999)、13万2874(2015センサス)。パリの北132キロメートル、パリとフランス北部地方の中間にあり、古くからピカルディー地方の中心で、ソンム川に沿う。県庁、控訴院が存在することから行政都市としての性格が強く、司教区があることから宗教関係の諸施設も多い。大学が創設されて第三次産業機能も充実している。織物・衣料工業(ビロード、綿、絹、羊毛、麻、既製服、靴下など)は中世からの特産品であり、機械、電気器具、タイヤ、食料品、印刷、染物の各工業も加わって工業業種が多様化し、工業化が人口増加を引き起こした。農産物の集産地であり、旧市街地がソンム川の七つの支流にまたがっているので、野菜の水上市が開かれる。 ローマ時代からこの地域の中心地で、12世紀末にはフランス王の王領、15世紀にはブルゴーニュ家の領土ともなった。16世紀末に一時スペイン領になったが、アンリ4世により奪還された。1802年、ナポレオンとイギリス軍との平和条約がここで結ばれた(アミアンの和約)。第一次、第二次世界大戦により市街地は破壊を受けた。旧市街地の中心にあるアミアン大聖堂は、フランスで最大規模のもっとも優れたゴシック建築(13世紀)の一つとして知られる。 [高橋伸夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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