A city in southeastern Serbia. It is located near the confluence of the Morava River and its tributary, the Nišava River. Roads and railways run along the river valley, with lines branching off from central Europe to the Aegean Sea and Istanbul. Industries include carpets and other textiles, locomotives, daily necessities, and electrical appliances, and the city also produces beer, tobacco, and other foods thanks to its rich agricultural region. The city is thought to have been the site of the ancient Roman city of Naisus, which was built on a Celtic settlement. As a strategic military and commercial center, it was controlled by Bulgaria, Hungary, and Byzantium from the 9th century onwards. From the end of the 12th century, it came under Serbian control, and from 1375 it came under Turkish control for about 500 years, before becoming part of Serbia with the Treaty of Berlin (1878). During World War I, it was the capital of Serbia for a time. The city's appearance changed dramatically due to damage in World War II and the reconstruction after the war, and the historical Turkish-Byzantine style buildings have disappeared. Population: 173,724 (2002). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
セルビア南東部の都市。モラバ川とその支流ニシャバ川との合流点付近に位置する。河谷沿いに道路,鉄道が走り,ヨーロッパ中部からエーゲ海,イスタンブールにいたる線が分岐している。じゅうたんを中心とする繊維,機関車,日用品,電機などの工業があり,豊かな農業地帯を基盤にビール,たばこなどの食品加工も行なわれる。ケルト人の集落に古代ローマが建設した都市ナイススがこの地と考えられ,軍事,商業の要地として,9世紀以降ブルガリア,ハンガリー,ビザンチンなどに支配された。 12世紀末からはセルビア,1375年から約 500年間はトルコの支配下に入り,ベルリン条約 (1878) でセルビア領となった。第1次世界大戦中に,一時セルビアの首都が置かれた。第2次世界大戦での被害と戦後の復興により市街は様相を一変し,トルコ=ビザンチン様式の歴史的建造物は姿を消した。人口 17万 3724 (2002) 。
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