Göttingen - Göttingen (English spelling)

Japanese: ゲッティンゲン - げってぃんげん(英語表記)Göttingen
Göttingen - Göttingen (English spelling)

A university town in Lower Saxony, central Germany. Population 124,100 (2000). Located in the valley of the Leine River, a tributary of the Weser River, the town flourished as a commercial and industrial city in the Middle Ages as the main north-south transport route passed through here. The university was established here in 1737 and excelled in natural sciences and medicine, and since the mid-18th century, industries such as metalworking, pharmaceuticals, precision instruments, optical instruments, and electronics have been promoted by research at the university. The headquarters of the Max Planck Institute (a theoretical physicist) is also located here. The old town area is filled with Romanesque and Gothic churches, town halls, and houses, and the university buildings are scattered among them. Recently, new campuses have been built to the north and south, and faculties of natural sciences, medicine, agriculture, etc. have been moved there.

[Saito Mitsunori]

history

Records show that it originated as a village called Gutingi in the mid-10th century, but as a city, it was granted city status by Emperor Otto I (the Great) in 1210. It became a city when the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was founded in 1235, and later belonged to the Electorate of Hanover, which was formed by reuniting most of the Duchy's territory. During this time, it joined the Hanseatic League (1351-1572) and experienced its first prosperity, but fell into decline during the Thirty Years' War. The city experienced a new boom after Elector Georg II of Hanover (King George II of the United Kingdom) founded the University of Göttingen in 1737, which was considered the leading university in Germany before the University of Berlin was founded. This place was also the birthplace of various movements that had a major impact on German history, such as the Hein League, which was responsible for the "Sturm und Drang" (Storm and Fury) movement, the Göttingen Seven Professors Affair (1837), which was a turning point for the liberal movement, and the Göttingen Declaration (1957), which opposed the nuclear armament of the German Federal Army.

[Katsuyo Okazaki]

[References] | University of Göttingen

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ中部、ニーダーザクセン州の大学都市。人口12万4100(2000)。ウェーザー川の支流ライネ川の谷に位置し、南北方向の主要交通路線がここを通り、中世に商工業都市として栄えた。1737年に大学が設立され、とくに自然科学と医学に優れ、18世紀なかば以来の金属加工、製薬、精密機器、光学機器、電子機器などの工業は、大学での研究により促進された。マックス・プランク(理論物理学者)研究所の本部もここにある。古い市街地にはロマネスク様式やゴシック様式の教会、市庁舎、家屋が多く大学の建物はその中に分散。最近、北と南に新しいキャンパスがつくられ、自然科学、医学、農学などの学部がそこに移った。

[齋藤光格]

歴史

記録上は10世紀なかばのグティンギGutingiという村落を起源とするが、都市としては1210年皇帝オットー1世(大帝)による都市法授与をその出発点とする。1235年ブラウンシュワイク‐リューネブルク公国成立と同時にその一都市となり、のち同公国領の大部分を再統合して成立したハノーバー選帝侯国に所属した。この間ハンザ同盟に参加(1351~1572)して最初の繁栄をしるしたが、三十年戦争で没落した。この都市が新たな興隆を迎えたのは、1737年ハノーバー選帝侯ゲオルク2世(イギリス王ジョージ2世)がゲッティンゲン大学を設立した以後で、同大学はベルリン大学創設以前はドイツ第一の大学とされた。またこの地は「シュトゥルム・ウント・ドラング(疾風怒濤(どとう))」運動を担ったハイン同盟、自由主義運動の画期となったゲッティンゲン七教授事件(1837)、ドイツ連邦軍の核武装に反対するゲッティンゲン宣言(1957)など、ドイツ史に大きな影響を与えた諸運動の発祥地ともなった。

[岡崎勝世]

[参照項目] | ゲッティンゲン大学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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