Ketchup - Ketchup (English spelling)

Japanese: ケチャップ - けちゃっぷ(英語表記)ketchup
Ketchup - Ketchup (English spelling)

A type of sauce made by boiling vegetables, straining them, concentrating them, and adding spices and seasonings to adjust the flavor. It originated in Britain, and is said to have been made from fish sauce imported from Southeast Asia and southern China. In Britain, there were several types, including tomato ketchup and mushroom ketchup. Of these, tomato ketchup became widespread, and ketchup came to mean tomato ketchup. It was American Henry John Heinz (1844-1919) who commercialized it as a tomato product in the 1870s, and it became an indispensable part of the American dining table.

Tomato ketchup is made by crushing fully ripe red tomatoes for processing, extracting the juice, and concentrating it to make tomato puree. Vinegar and spices such as garlic, nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon, and pepper, as well as salt and sugar are added, and the mixture is homogenized and further concentrated to finish. Although tomato ketchup is a type of seasoning, it is sweet as well as sour, and has a relatively complete flavor, so it cannot be used in a wide variety of dishes like puree. However, it can be used in sauces, mayonnaise, and dressings, or as a seasoning for many dishes such as pasta. It can also be served at the table as a seasoning, and is often eaten as is on omelets and hamburger steaks. Tomato ketchup is used to season spaghetti and rice when fried.

[Tomomi Kono and Yonago Yamaguchi]

[References] | Source

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ソースの一種で、野菜などを煮て裏漉(ご)ししたあと濃縮し、香辛料、調味料などを加えて味をととのえたもの。発祥はイギリスで、東南アジアや中国南部から輸入していた魚醤(ぎょしょう)をもとにつくったソースといわれている。イギリスには、トマトケチャップ、マッシュルームケチャップなど、いくつかの種類があった。このうちトマトケチャップが広がり、ケチャップといえばトマトケチャップをさすようになった。トマト加工品として商品化したのは1870年代、アメリカのヘンリー・ジョン・ハインツHenry John Heinz(1844―1919)で、アメリカの食卓に欠かせないものとなった。

 トマトケチャップは、加工用の赤色系トマトの完熟したものをつぶし、汁をとってこれを濃縮し、トマトピューレをつくる。これに、酢とニンニク、ナツメグ、クローブ、シナモン、コショウなどの香辛料、および塩、砂糖などを加えたうえ、均質にして、さらに濃縮して仕上げる。トマトケチャップは調味料の一種ではあるが、酸味とともに甘味もあり、味がある程度完成されているので、ピューレのように幅広く料理に使えないといった制約はある。しかしソースやマヨネーズ類、ドレッシングなどにあわせたり、パスタなど多くの料理の調味に利用できる。また、食卓に出して食卓調味料としても利用でき、オムレツ、ハンバーグステーキなどにそのままかけて食べることが多い。スパゲッティやご飯を炒(いた)め、味つけ用としてトマトケチャップを使用する。

[河野友美・山口米子]

[参照項目] | ソース

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