Measurement

Japanese: 計測 - けいそく（英語表記）measurement

It is the measurement of all measurable physical quantities, including length, weight, and time, as well as mechanical quantities such as pressure, speed, and acceleration, angles, solid angles, and mechanical quantities such as hardness. Measurement results were often expressed in CGS electrostatic units or CGS electromagnetic units, which combine the CGS unit system with electrostatic units or electromagnetic units, but the MKS unit system has recently become more widely used for industrial and practical purposes. In the International System of Units, angles and solid angles are expressed in radians and steradians, but sexagesimal degrees are also commonly used. Hardness is expressed in different ways depending on the type of measuring device (→ Hardness test). There are many different measuring devices and methods, but the key is to select the appropriate device and method depending on the object to be measured, the purpose of the measurement, and the required accuracy. If you make a mistake, it will cause errors. In addition, in delicate measurements, even if the device and method are selected correctly, personal deviations of the same order as instrument error can occur, so care must be taken. Recently, with the development of electronic devices, there are many industrial instruments that convert measured quantities into electrical signals to facilitate automatic control. In this case, the control mechanism source, i.e., the function of automatically analyzing the measurement results, may also be included as part of the measurement.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

長さ・重さ・時間をはじめ，測定しうるあらゆる物理量，また圧力・速度・加速度などの力学量，角度・立体角，あるいは硬さのような機械的便宜量などを測定すること。測定結果は CGS単位系に静電単位系または電磁単位系を組合せた CGS静電単位，CGS電磁単位で表示することが多かったが，工業的また実用的に最近は MKS単位系の使用が多くなった。角度・立体角は国際単位系ではラジアン・ステラジアンであるが，六十進法の度も慣用されている。硬さは測定機の種類により個々に表示が定められている (→硬さ試験 ) 。測定用機器と方法とは千差万別であるが，要は測定対象，測定目的，要求される精度に応じ，適切な機器と方法を選定することで，これを誤ると誤差の原因となる。またデリケートな測定では，機器と用法の選択が正しくても器差と同程度の個人偏差を生じることがあり，注意しなければならない。最近は電子機器の発達により，測定量を電気信号に変換して自動制御に資する工業計器が多く，この場合は制御機構源すなわち測定結果の自動解析の機能まで計測の一部に含めることがある。

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