Keita Shibata

Japanese: 柴田桂太 - しばたけいた
Keita Shibata

Plant physiology chemist. Born in Tokyo as the eldest son of pharmacologist Shibata Shokei. Graduated from the Department of Botany at the Faculty of Science, Tokyo Imperial University in 1899 (Meiji 32), he then engaged in morphological research on bamboos and contributed to the establishment of the genus Sasa. In 1907 (Meiji 40), he became a professor at the First Senior High School, and after serving as a professor at Tohoku Imperial University (1908-1909), he became a lecturer at the Faculty of Science, Tokyo Imperial University in 1910. In the same year, he went to Germany to study plant physiology under Pfeffer at the University of Leipzig and organic chemistry under Martin Freund (1863-1920) at the Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt. Returning to Japan in 1912, he became an assistant professor, and as a professor from 1918 (Taisho 7) until his retirement (1938), he built the foundations of plant physiology and biochemistry in Japan, making a great contribution as a pioneer. In 1922, he founded the English-language journal Acta Phytochimica on plant physiology and chemistry. After retiring from the government, he headed the Iwata Institute of Plant Physiology and Chemistry, was briefly a member of the Tokugawa Institute of Biology, and served as director of the Institute of Resource Science from 1941 (Showa 16). His research achievements include research on plant flavones (receiving the Imperial Academy Prize in 1918), chemotaxis of chitin sperm to stereoisomeric compounds, flower pigments, polysaccharides, protein structures, microbial respiration and metabolism, cytochromes, growth factors, and photosynthesis, among other biochemical studies. Under his influence, many botanists were nurtured, including Tamiya Hiroshi, Ogura Yasuyuki (1910-1983), Usami Shoichiro (1913-1995), Okunuki Kazuo (1907-1999), Yamaguchi Seizaburo (1907-1953), and Hattori Shizuo (1902-1970). His son is Shibata Shoji, a pharmacologist.

[Sato Shichiro]

[References] | Shokei Shibata | Shoji Shibata | Yuji Shibata |Hiroshi Tamiya | Pfeffer

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

植物生理化学者。薬学者柴田承桂(しょうけい)の長男として東京に生まれる。1899年(明治32)東京帝国大学理科大学植物学科を卒業、その後タケ類の形態学的研究に従事、ササ属の新設に寄与した。1907年(明治40)第一高等学校教授となり、東北帝国大学教授(1908~1909)を経て、1910年東京帝国大学理科大学講師となる。同年ドイツに留学、ライプツィヒ大学のプフェッファーのもとで植物生理学を、フランクフルトのゼンケンベルク研究所のフロイントMartin Freund(1863―1920)のもとで有機化学を学び、1912年帰国して助教授となり、1918年(大正7)から退官(1938)まで教授として日本の植物生理化学・生化学の基礎を築き、開拓者として功績を残した。1922年に植物生理化学の欧文誌『アクタ・フィトキミカ』を創刊。退官後は岩田植物生理化学研究所を主宰し、一時、徳川生物学研究所所員となり、1941年(昭和16)から資源科学研究所所長を務めた。研究業績には植物のフラボン体の研究(1918年、帝国学士院恩賜賞受賞)、ミズニラ精子の立体異性化合物に対する走化性、花の色素、多糖体、タンパク質の構造、微生物の呼吸・代謝、チトクロム、成長素、光合成など多方面にわたる生化学的研究がある。その影響のもとで田宮博、小倉安之(1910―1983)、宇佐美正一郎(1913―1995)、奥貫一男(1907―1999)、山口清三郎(1907―1953)、服部静夫(1902―1970)ら多くの植物学者が育てられた。薬学者の柴田承二は息子。

[佐藤七郎]

[参照項目] | 柴田承桂 | 柴田承二 | 柴田雄次 | 田宮博 | プフェッファー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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