Warning stick - Keisaku

Japanese: 警策 - けいさく

〘Noun〙 ("Saku" means to whip)① (━suru) A whip used to make a horse gallop. Also, the act of whipping a horse. ※Untitled Poem of Japan (around 1162-64) IV. Early Spring Essays〈Fujiwara Shuko〉 "At the end of the first month, the king's spring flowers begin to welcome the festival." [Cao Zhi - Poem in Response to the Emperor]② A main short phrase in a poem that brings out the essence of the entire piece. By extension, it also means a fine compilation or a fine phrase. ※Shoreishu - Preface (around 835) "A gift from the Tang Dynasty, I have slightly raised the importance of saku in this miscellaneous book. It is in ten volumes." [Lu Ji - Wenfu]③ (━suru) To call someone's attention or self-awareness. Also, the words used to do so. A stern reprimand or admonition. ※Shingu-ko (around 1422) Wadai-do-ritsu-shuin "Yesterday, a boy, now his head is white; the deceased uses his keisaku (scot) to clarify the meaning" ④ Buddhist term. A long, thin board used in the monks' halls of Zen Buddhism to wake monks from sleepiness. It is about 4 shaku 2 sun (1.3 meters) long, and is slightly wider at the top. It is also used by masters during sutra recitations and questions and answers. Kyosaku. ※Essays, Ro-an-kyo (1660), Vol. 1 "That evening, from six o'clock in the evening until four o'clock , the monks gathered round and struck their keisaku (scot) " [Additional notes] (1) The word forms "kyousaku" or "kauzaku" can be found in kana documents such as "The Tale of Genji," and the meaning is also broadened. → Kyosaku, Kouzaku.
(2) Although the pronunciation of those written in kanji is unclear, they have been included in this section for convenience.

Kyou- sakukyau... [Cautionary strategy]

〘Noun〙① (adjective) Poetry that is so excellent that it astonishes people. Also, the state of being so excellent. Kouzaku. ※Genji (c. 1001-14) Hanaen: “The people who walk the steps are also full of splendor, while the people who dance, play, and do things are all in harmony.”② (adjective) People or appearances are splendid. Being excellent at something. Also, the state of being so excellent. Kouzaku. ※Utsubo (c. 970-999) Kurakaichu: “The people who walk the steps are also full of splendor, while the people who dance, play, and do things are all in harmony.”③ = keisaku (warning strategy) [Etymology] (1) In China, it originally meant hitting a horse with a whip, but by extension it came to mean excellent words and phrases (Wen Xuan, Lu Ji - Wen Fu) that are the key to Chinese poetry and prose and give it luster, as well as excellent works and masterpieces. In Japan, it has come to mean even more broadly, as in ②, excellence in things, and outstanding people and personalities.
(2) "Keisaku" is pronounced "Keisaku" in Kan-on and "Kyaushaku" in Go-on, but the pronunciation of the kanji is unclear, so all are listed under "Keisaku." → Keisaku (Keisaku)

Ko-zaku Kau... [Caution]

〘Noun〙 (adjective verb) (perhaps a direct pronunciation of "kyosaku (cautious scepter)")① To be so excellent in poetry that it astonishes people. Also, the state of being so excellent. Kyosaku. ※Yomihon, Omi-ken Monogatari (1808) 1 "The poems that Umemaru could compose were particularly kauzaku (cautious scepter)." ② To be of excellent personality, appearance, etc. To be excellent at something. Also, the state of being so excellent. Kyosaku. ※Utsubo (c. 970-999) Toshikage "When that master became extremely kauzaku (cautious scepter)" ③ = keisaku (cautious scepter) ③

Kyou-shakukyau ... [Cautionary strategy]

〘 noun 〙 = keisaku (cautionary strategy) [Iroha Jiruishō (1177-81)] [Etymology] → Etymology of "kyōsaku (cautionary strategy)"

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (「策」はむちうつの意)① (━する) 馬を駆けさせるために打つ鞭(むち)。また、馬をむち打つこと。※本朝無題詩（1162‐64頃）四・早春言志〈藤原周光〉「上月下旬警策程、王春芳節始相迎」〔曹植‐応詔詩〕② 詩文中にあって、文全体を活かす働きをする主要な短句。転じて、佳編、佳句をもいう。※性霊集‐序（835頃）「兼摭唐人贈答、稍挙警策雑此帙中。編成十巻」〔陸機‐文賦〕③ (━する) 人の注意、自覚などをよびおこすこと。また、そのことば。厳しい戒め、忠告。※真愚稿（1422頃か）和兌童立秋韻「昨日少年今白首故人警策語分明」④ 仏語。禅宗の僧堂内で用いる僧の眠気をさますための細長い板状のもの。長さ四尺二寸（一・三メートル）ほどで、上幅は少し広くつくられている。また、誦経や問答の際など、師家が用いる。きょうさく。※随筆・驢鞍橋（1660）上「其晩暮六(くれむつ)より四過迄衆僧取廻して警策(ケイサク)を打」[補注](1)「源氏物語」など仮名文献に「きゃうさく」あるいは「かうざく」という語形が見られ、意味のひろがりもある。→きょうさく・こうざく。
(2)漢字で書かれたものの読みははっきりしないが、便宜上この項に収めた。

きょう‐さくキャウ‥【警策】

〘名〙① (形動) 人を驚かせるほど詩文にすぐれていること。また、そのさま。こうざく。※源氏（1001‐14頃）花宴「ふみどもきゃうさくに、舞・楽・物のねどもととのほりて」② (形動) 人がらや容姿などが立派なこと。物事にすぐれていること。また、そのさま。こうざく。※宇津保（970‐999頃）蔵開中「きゃうさくに心にくくて」③ ＝けいさく（警策）[語誌](1)中国では、もと、馬に鞭を当てることをいうが、転じて、漢詩文の要となって全体に光彩を与えるすぐれた字句（文選、陸機‐文賦）、及び秀作、傑作をいうようになった。日本では、さらに広く、②のようにものごとの優秀であること、人物・人柄の秀でていることなどをも意味した。
(2)「警策」は、漢音読みで「ケイサク」、呉音読みで「キャウシャク」であるが、漢字で書かれたものの読みについては、はっきりしないので、すべて「けいさく」の項にまとめた。→けいさく（警策）

こう‐ざくカウ‥【警策】

〘名〙 (形動) (「きょうさく（警策）」の直音表記か)① 人に驚きをあたえるほどに詩文にすぐれていること。また、そのさま。きょうさく。※読本・近江県物語（1808）一「梅丸が作れる詩ことにかうざく（警策）なりとて」② 人柄や容姿などが立派であること。物事にすぐれていること。また、そのさま。きょうさく。※宇津保（970‐999頃）俊蔭「かのみあるじの、いとになくかうざくなりつれば」③ ＝けいさく（警策）③