Coulomb's law

Japanese: クーロンの法則 - くーろんのほうそく(英語表記)Coulomb's law
Coulomb's law

This law relates to the magnitude and direction of the electric force acting between electric charges. It was discovered by Coulomb in 1785. The electric force acting between two point charges acts on the line connecting them, and its direction is a repulsive force between like charges and an attractive force between unlike charges. The magnitude of the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges. Mathematically,

This force is called the Coulomb force. This law is an expression of the action at a distance theory, in which electric charges directly exert force on each other. From the action at a distance theory perspective, in which a charge is subjected to a force by the electric field (electric field) around the charge, this law is rewritten in the form of what kind of electric field is generated around the charge. This is Gauss's theorem. When a closed surface is taken within an electric field, the total electric flux penetrating that closed surface from the inside to the outside is equal to the total amount of electric charge enclosed by that closed surface.

[Shigeo Yamaguchi]

[References] | Gauss's theorem | Coulomb | Charge | Electric flux current | Electric field

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

電荷と電荷との間に働く電気力の大きさ・向きに関する法則。1785年クーロンによってみいだされた。二つの点電荷の間に働く電気力は、それらを結ぶ線上に働き、その向きは同種の電荷間では反発力、異種の電荷間では引力となる。力の大きさは、電荷間の距離の2乗に反比例する。数式的には

と表される。この力をクーロン力とよぶ。この法則は、電荷と電荷とが直接に力を及ぼし合う遠隔作用論の立場の表現になっている。電荷が力を受けるのは電荷の周囲の電界(電場)であるという近接作用論的な立場では、この法則は、電荷の周囲にどんな電界が発生するかという形に書き直される。それがガウスの定理である。電界の中に一つの閉曲面をとったとき、その閉曲面を内側から外側へ貫く全電束数は、その閉曲面で囲まれる全電荷量に等しい。

[山口重雄]

[参照項目] | ガウスの定理 | クーロン | 電荷 | 電束電流 | 電場

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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