Shu Sibon - Shu Sibon

A Taoist and geographer from the Yuan Dynasty in China. He was from Linchuan, Jiangxi. He became a Taoist at Longhushan in Shinshu, Jiangxi, the head temple of the Tianshidao (called the Five Pours of Rice Dao before the beginning of the 3rd century, and called the Zhengyi sect in the Yuan Dynasty) of southern Taoism since the Han Dynasty. When he was about 30 years old, he studied under Zhang Liusun (1248-1321), the representative of the Tianshidao in Dadu (Beijing), and assisted Zhang Liusun and his successor Wu Quanjie in controlling and managing Taoism in Jiangnan after the death of Phag-pa. During that time, he traveled around various places under the orders of the emperor who wanted to hold ceremonies at famous mountains and rivers such as the Five Mountains and Four Dews of China, and apparently died a few years after returning south around 1331. He was also a poet and prose writer who left behind two volumes of "Tei Issai's Poetry and Mannerisms," but his name is especially immortalized in the history of Chinese cartography for the creation of his "Yochizu." This map, which took ten years to complete, was carved into stone at the Qing Palace on Longhu Mountain, but no longer exists. Its origin can be inferred from the "Guangyu Tu" by Luo Hongxian (1504-1564), which was revised and expanded based on the original. This map, measuring seven shaku (about 2.2 meters) in length and width and using a planar projection, was the mainstream map of China until the appearance of the "Imperial Yu Zenran Tu," created by a Jesuit priest in the early Qing dynasty.

[Masaaki Sugiyama, May 21, 2018]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、元(げん)代の道士、地理学者。江西臨川の人。漢代以来の南方道教の天師道（3世紀初頭以前は五斗米道(ごとべいどう)とよび、元代では正一教とよぶ）の総本山、江西信州の竜虎山(りゅうこざん)に入って道士となった。30歳のころ、大都（北京(ペキン)）に駐在する天師道代表の張留孫(ちょうりゅうそん)（1248―1321）に師事し、パスパ死後の大都宗教界を握る張留孫、およびその後継者呉全節を助けて江南道教の統制管理にあたった。その間、中国伝統の五嶽四涜(ごがくしとく)などの名山・大川を祭祀(さいし)しようとする皇帝の命を受けて各地を周遊し、1331年ごろに南帰して数年後に没したらしい。『貞一斎(ていいっさい)詩文稿』2巻を残す詩文家でもあったが、とくに『輿地図(よちず)』の作製は中国地図学史上に彼の名を不朽にした。10年の歳月を費やしたというこの地図は、完成後竜虎山上清宮(じょうせいきゅう)に刻石されたが現存せず、これを土台に増補改訂した羅洪先(らこうせん)（1504―1564）の『広輿図』によって推測される。縦・横7尺（約2.2メートル）、平面図法を用いるこの図は、清(しん)初イエズス会士による『皇輿全覧図』が出現するまで中国地図の主流となった。

［杉山正明　2018年5月21日］

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