Bishop of Milan. One of the Four Doctors of the Western Roman Church in the late 4th century. Born in Trier, Germany, to a Roman nobleman. After studying rhetoric in Rome, he became consul of Liguria in northern Italy in 370, and later consul of Milan. After the death of Auxentius (?-374), a Christian heretic Arian bishop, he was arbitrating a dispute over the succession in the Milan Cathedral in 374 when a boy cried out, "Let Ambrose be bishop!" This prompted him to be hurriedly baptized and ordained as a bishop. He was active in defending orthodoxy as a church politician, pastor, and intellectual belonging to the Neoplatonic school, and maintained the independence of the church against imperial intervention. In 384, he fought against the Senate, which was trying to revive paganism, and rejected a proposal to install an idol of Victoria, the goddess of victory. In 385-386, he fought against Empress Dowager Justina (?-388), and with the overwhelming support of the people, he took back the Milan Cathedral from the Arians. He is also famous for condemning Theodosius I's massacre of 7,000 Thessalonian citizens and forcing the emperor to confess. He also composed many liturgical hymns, and Augustine attributed the Deus creator omnium to Ambrose. Augustine was converted to Christianity after coming into contact with Ambrose's metaphorical method of exegesis, but this was not his own originality, but rather an introduction of the Eastern theology of the Alexandrian school of Philo and Origen, and this was also the significance of his theological thought. His representative works include the six-volume "Hexameron" and the three-volume "De Principales Priesthood." [Takeshi Kato January 20, 2015] "Ken Ishihara Collected Works 8: The Origins of Christianity" (1979, Iwanami Shoten) [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ミラノの司教。4世紀後期の西方ローマ教会四博士の一人。ローマ貴族の子としてドイツのトリエルに生まれた。ローマで修辞学を修めたのち、370年北イタリアのリグリア州執政官、のちミラノの執政官となる。キリスト教の異端アリウス派の司教アウクセンティウスAuxentius(?―374)の死後、374年ミラノの聖堂で後継者論争の仲裁に入ったとき、「アンブロシウスを司教に」と少年が叫んだのが契機となって、急遽(きゅうきょ)受洗し、司教に叙任された。教会政治家、牧会者として、また新プラトン学派に属する知識人としても正統派擁護のために活躍、帝権の介入に抗して教会の独立をまっとうした。384年には異教の復興を目ざす元老院と戦い、勝利の女神ビクトリアの偶像安置案を退け、385~386年には圧倒的な民衆の支持を背景として、皇太后ユスティナJustina(?―388)と争って、アリウス派の手からミラノの聖堂を取り返した。テオドシウス1世によるテサロニケ市民7000人虐殺を糾弾し、皇帝を懺悔(ざんげ)させたことも有名である。また、彼は典礼の聖歌を数多くつくり、『すべての創(つく)り主なる神よ』Deus creator omniumは、アウグスティヌスによってアンブロシウスの作品とされている。アウグスティヌスは、アンブロシウスの比喩(ひゆ)的な聖書釈義の方法に触れて回心に導かれるが、これは彼自身の独創というよりも、フィロンやオリゲネスらのアレクサンドリア学派の東方神学の導入であり、彼の神学思想上の意義もまたこの点にあった。代表的な著作として『ヘクサメロン』6巻、『聖職本務論』3巻がある。 [加藤 武 2015年1月20日] 『『石原謙著作集8 キリスト教の源流』(1979・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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