Grodno (English spelling)

Japanese: グロドノ（英語表記）Grodno

The capital of Grodno Oblast in western Belarus. It is located about 250 km west of the capital Minsk, near the border with Poland, and overlooks the Neman River. It appears as the capital of a principality in records from 1128, and came under Lithuanian control in the 13th century. It later became part of Poland, and in 1793 the Second Partition of Poland was signed here. In 1795 it was incorporated into Russia during the Third Partition. From 1919 to 1939 it was part of Poland again, and from 1945 to 1991 it was part of the Soviet Union. There are many historical sites, including a 12th century chapel, a 16th-17th century cathedral, the fortress of Polish King Stefan Bathory (around 1580), and the castle of Polish King Augustus III (18th century). The main industries are nitrogen fertilizer, caprolactam, textiles, leather, shoemaking, electric heating appliances, prefabricated houses, and food. There are universities of education, medicine, agriculture, and history and archaeology. A junction of railways and highways. Population: 284,800 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ベラルーシ西部，グロドノ州の州都。首都ミンスクの西約 250km，ポーランドとの国境に近く，ネマン川にのぞむ。 1128年の記録に公国の首都として現れ，13世紀にはリトアニアの支配下に入った。のちポーランド領となり，1793年第2回ポーランド分割がここで署名され，95年第3回分割でロシア領に編入された。 1919～39年には再びポーランド領，45～91年ソ連領。多くの旧跡があり，12世紀の小礼拝堂，16～17世紀の聖堂，ポーランド王ステファン・バトリの城砦 (1580頃) ，同アウグスト3世の城 (18世紀) などが有名。主要工業は窒素肥料，カプロラクタム，繊維，皮革，製靴，電気暖房器具，プレハブ家屋，食品などである。教育，医科，農業などの大学，歴史・考古学博物館がある。鉄道，ハイウェーの分岐点。人口 28万 4800 (1991推計) 。

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