Born: August 24, 1898, Longrie, Belgium [Died] May 22, 1983. Brussels, Belgium American cytologist. Born in Belgium to American parents. Graduated from the University of Liège in 1928. After that, he went to the United States and studied at the Rockefeller Institute (now Rockefeller University), and was a professor at Rockefeller University from 1949 to 1972. During that time, he also served as a professor at the Free University of Brussels (1949-1969) and director of the Jules Bordet Institute (1948-1971). At the Rockefeller Institute, he used centrifugation to isolate the Rous sarcoma virus (→Rous) from chicken tumors, which made it possible to isolate internal structures even in normal cells. With this method, he discovered the endoplasmic reticulum within cells and elucidated the function of mitochondria. In 1942, he was the first in the field of biochemistry to observe cells with an electron microscope. He established the basic methods for isolating and analyzing the structures of living cells. In 1974, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with CR de Duve and GE Palardy. He became an American citizen in 1941 and returned to Belgium in 1949, earning dual citizenship. Claude |
[生]1898.8.24. ベルギー,ロングリエ [没]1983.5.22. ベルギー,ブリュッセル アメリカの細胞学者。アメリカ人の両親のもとにベルギーで生れる。 1928年リエージュ大学を卒業。その後アメリカに渡り,ロックフェラー研究所 (現ロックフェラー大学) に学び,49年から 72年までロックフェラー大学教授。その間ブリュッセル自由大学教授 (1949~69) ,ジュール・ボルデ研究所所長 (48~71) もつとめる。ロックフェラー研究所でニワトリの腫瘍からラウス肉腫ウイルス (→ラウス ) を分離するため,遠心分離法を用い,通常の細胞でも内部の構造物の分離を可能にした。この方法で細胞内の小胞体を発見,ミトコンドリアの機能を解明した。 1942年に生化学分野で初めて電子顕微鏡で細胞を観察。生体細胞の構造物の分離と分析の基本手法を確立した。 74年,C.R.ド・デューブ,G.E.パラーディとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞受賞。 1941年にアメリカの市民権を取得,49年にはベルギーに戻り,2ヵ国の市民権を得た。 クロード
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