A North American Indian tribe that lived in the Yellowstone River region and its tributaries upstream of the Missouri River. They spoke Siouan. They once lived adjacent to the Hidatsa, but separated and moved westward in the early 18th century. They consisted of three bands, but it is thought that there were originally two. Their livelihood revolved around buffalo and horses, with buffalo providing food, clothing, tents, thread, containers, and materials for shields. Wars were frequent over the plundering of horses. The production of food, houses, and clothing was the work of women. In their religious life, the most important thing was to gain supernatural visionary powers through ascetic practices such as fasting and piercing themselves with skewers, and to receive a bundle of fetishes from their guardian deity. Tobacco was ritually cultivated as a gift from God to defeat enemies. The Crow's tobacco order, one of the many Crow orders, required a solemn initiation ceremony and high membership fees, but in principle both husbands and wives were allowed to join. After losing wars against the Blackfoot, Dakota, and whites, the Crow relocated to a small reservation in southern Montana in 1868. Today, the Crow's population is estimated at about 5,000, with most of them living off the reservation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ミズーリ川上流のイエローストーン川およびその支流地域に居住していた北アメリカインディアンの一民族。スー語を話す。かつてはヒダツァ族と隣接して暮していたが,18世紀初頭に別れて西方に移動した。3つのバンドから成ったが,本来は2つであったと考えられる。彼らの生活は野牛とウマが中心で,野牛は食糧,衣服,テント,糸,容器,楯の材料を提供した。ウマの略奪をめぐって戦争が繰返された。食物や家屋,衣服の製作は女性の仕事であった。宗教生活では,断食やみずからの身体に串を刺すなどの荒行によって超自然的な幻視力を身につけ,守護神から呪物の束を授かることが最重要とされた。タバコは敵を打負かすために神から与えられたものとして儀礼的に栽培された。たばこ結社は,クロー族の多くの結社のなかでも,厳粛な入社式 (→イニシエーション ) と高い会費を必要としたが,原則として夫も妻も参加が認められていた。ブラックフット族やダコタ族,そして白人との戦争に敗れたため,1868年にはモンタナ州南部の狭小な指定居留地に移住。今日では人口約 5000と推定され,その多くが居留地以外の土地に住んでいる。
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