German-born British biochemist. He studied at the Universities of Göttingen, Berlin, and Hamburg, among others, and received his doctorate in medicine in 1925. He then studied respiratory enzymes under OH Warburg at the Kaiser Wilhelm Society's Institute for Biological Research. In 1932, he moved to the University of Freiburg, where he proposed the urea cycle. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, he fled to England to escape persecution of the Jews, and joined the laboratory of FG Hopkins at Cambridge University. He then became a lecturer in pharmacology at the University of Sheffield in 1938, a professor of chemistry at the same university in 1945, and a professor at Oxford University in 1954. During this time, he discovered D -amino acid oxidase, studied glutamine metabolism, and demonstrated that pyruvate and oxaloacetate are condensed to produce citric acid, and developed the dicarboxylic acid pathway to propose the tricarboxylic acid cycle (also known as the TCA cycle, Krebs cycle, or citric acid cycle). For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953 together with FA Lipmann. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
ドイツ生まれのイギリスの生化学者.ゲッチンゲン大学,ベルリン大学,ハンブルク大学などに学び,1925年医学博士号を取得.その後,カイザー・ウィルヘルム協会生物学研究所のO.H. Warburg(ワールブルク)のもとで呼吸酵素を研究した.1932年フライブルク大学に移り,尿素回路を提唱.1933年ナチスが政権をとるとユダヤ系に対する迫害を避けて渡英し,ケンブリッジ大学のF.G. Hopkins(ホプキンス)の研究室に入る.その後,1938年よりシェフィールド大学薬理学講師,1945年同大学生化学教授,1954年よりオックスフォード大学教授となる.この間,D-アミノ酸酸化酵素の発見やグルタミン代謝を研究し,またピルビン酸とオキサロ酢酸が縮合してクエン酸を生じることを示し,ジカルボン酸経路を発展させてトリカルボン酸サイクル(TCA回路,クレブス回路,クエン酸回路ともいう)を提唱した.この業績に対し,1953年F.A. Lipmann(リップマン)とともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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