Gould, Stephen Jay

Japanese: グールド(英語表記)Gould, Stephen Jay
Gould, Stephen Jay
Born: September 10, 1941, New York, New York
[Died] May 20, 2002. New York, New York. Paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and author from the United States. He wrote a series of essays titled "Reflections on Life" in Natural History magazine from 1974 to 2001. In 1972, together with Niles Eldrej, he published the theory of punctuated equilibrium. He argued that the evolution of species brings about long periods of stability intermittent with rapid speciation and morphological change, and disagreed with the theory of evolution established by Charles R. Darwin. He received his bachelor's degree in geology from Antioch University in 1963 and his doctorate in paleontology from Columbia University in 1967. He became a professor at Harvard University in 1973. He is the author of many books, including Ontogeny and Phylogeny (1977), The Panda's Thumb (1980), The Mismeasure of Man (1981), and The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (2002). He was elected a member of the National Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1983 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1989.

Gould
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp

Born: September 27, 1824, Boston
[Died] November 26, 1896. Cambridge, Massachusetts. American astronomer. Graduated from Harvard University (1844). Head of the Longitude Section of the United States Coast Survey Board (52) and Director of the Albany Observatory (55-59). In 1866, he compared the results of simultaneous observations of the position of the sun at two locations in the United States and Europe using undersea telegraphy, and determined the longitude difference between the two locations. In 1868, he was invited to Argentina, where he founded the National Observatory of Cordoba, and as its first director, he worked hard to compile a star catalog of the southern sky (completed in 84). He also revealed that stars brighter than magnitude 4 are distributed along a narrow belt (Gould's belt) tilted about 20 degrees to the galactic plane, and contributed to elucidating the structure of the local stellar system (79). His main work was Uranometria Argentina (79).

Gould
Gould, Jay (Jason)

Born May 27, 1836 in Roxbury, New York
Died December 2, 1892, New York. American railroad operator and financier. He made huge profits from speculation in bullion and stocks. In 1863 he was manager of the Saratoga Railroad, and in 1868 he was president of the Ely Railroad. He invested in railroads in the southwestern states, forming the Gould Organization, and also invested in the Western Union Telegraph Company and the New York Elevated Railroad.

Gould
Gould, Glenn

Born: September 25, 1932, Toronto
[Died] October 4, 1982. Toronto. Canadian pianist. Studied piano under A. Guero and made his debut in 1955. He excelled at improvisation and was also known as a composer. He attracted attention by bringing a completely new, modern interpretation of tempo and dynamics to classical music. Since 1964, he has retired from concert activities to focus solely on recording.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1941.9.10. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
[没]2002.5.20. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の古生物学者,進化生物学者,著述家。『ナチュラル・ヒストリー』誌に「生命についての考察」と題するエッセーを 1974年から 2001年まで連載した。1972年ナイルズ・エルドレジとともに断続平衡説を発表。種の進化は長く安定した期間と急激な種分化と形態変化を断続的にもたらすと主張,チャールズ・R.ダーウィン以来の進化論に異を唱えた。1963年にアンティオーク大学で地質学学士号を,1967年にコロンビア大学で古生物学博士号を取得。1973年にハーバード大学教授となる。著書に『個体発生と系統発生』Ontogeny and Phylogeny(1977),『パンダの親指』The Panda's Thumb(1980),『人間の測りまちがい』The Mismeasure of Man(1981),"The Structure of Evolutionary Theory"(2002)など多数。1983年全米芸術科学アカデミー会員,1989年全米科学アカデミー会員となった。

グールド
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp

[生]1824.9.27. ボストン
[没]1896.11.26. マサチューセッツ,ケンブリッジ
アメリカの天文学者。ハーバード大学卒業 (1844) 。合衆国沿岸調査委員会の経度部門の責任者 (52) ,オールバニ天文台台長 (55~59) 。 1866年海底電信によりアメリカ,ヨーロッパの2地点での太陽位置の同時観測の結果を比較し,両地点の経度差を決定。 68年アルゼンチンに招かれ,国立コルドバ天文台を創設,初代台長となって南天の星表作成に尽力した (84完成) 。また4等星より明るい恒星が銀河面に対し約 20度傾いた狭い帯 (グールド・ベルト) に沿って分布していることを明らかにし,局部恒星系の構造解明に貢献した (79) 。主著『アルゼンチン天体図』 Uranometria Argentina (79) 。

グールド
Gould, Jay(Jason)

[生]1836.5.27. ニューヨーク,ロックスベリー
[没]1892.12.2. ニューヨーク
アメリカの鉄道事業経営者,金融資本家。地金,株式などの投機で巨利を博した。 1863年サラトガ鉄道の支配人,68年イーリ鉄道の社長。南西部諸州の鉄道に投資してグールド組織をつくり,ウェスタン・ユニオン電信会社,ニューヨーク高架鉄道にも投資した。

グールド
Gould, Glenn

[生]1932.9.25. トロント
[没]1982.10.4. トロント
カナダのピアニスト。 A.グェーロにピアノを学び,1955年デビュー。即興演奏にすぐれ,作曲家としても知られる。テンポやデュナーミクなど,まったく新しい現代的解釈を古典に持込んで話題を呼んだ。 64年以降コンサート活動を退いて録音のみに専心。

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