Gluck - Christoph Willibald Gluck

Japanese: グルック - ぐるっく(英語表記)Christoph Willibald Gluck
Gluck - Christoph Willibald Gluck

An 18th century German opera composer. He reformed traditional Italian and French opera, establishing a simple opera style with natural expression. Born on July 2nd in Erasbach. Entered the University of Prague in 1731, moved to Vienna in 1735 or 1736, and accompanied the Lombard nobleman Melzi to Milan, where he had the good fortune to study under Samartini from 1737 to 1741. With the success of his debut work "Artaxerxes," he started out as an opera composer, and after being invited to London in 1745, he joined Mingotti's opera company in Hamburg, touring Dresden, Vienna, Prague, Copenhagen, and other cities. In 1750, he married the daughter of a Viennese banker, laying the foundation for his future in Vienna. After the great success of "La Clemenza di Titus" in Naples in 1752, he settled in Vienna. Starting from the Saxon-Hildburghausen family's musical society, he gradually advanced to the imperial court, premiering Antigonus in Rome in 1856, receiving the Order of the Golden Spurs from the Pope and becoming a knight. He wrote Italian operas and French opéra comiques for the Vienna court, and in 1862 he staged Orfeo ed Euridice in Vienna, signaling a reform of Italian opera. His theatricality and emphasis on psychological expression in recitative were the main themes.

In 1772, he also moved to Paris, where he made waves in the French opera world with "Iphigenia in Aulis" and "Orphée et Uridis" (a French revision of the 1762 version), which led to the "Gluck-Piccinni Controversy", but the great success of "Iphigenia in Tauris" in 1779 solidified his reputation. Gluck, who had already been awarded the title of court composer in 1774, spent his final years in comfort in Vienna, where he died on November 15, 1787.

[Ryuichi Higuchi]

"History of Opera, Vol. 1, by Grout, translated by Hattori Kozo (1957, Ongaku No Tomosha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

18世紀ドイツのオペラ作曲家。イタリア、フランスの伝統的オペラを改革し、自然な表現による簡素なオペラ様式を確立した。7月2日、エラスバッハに生まれる。1731年プラハ大学に入学、35年か36年にウィーンに進出、ロンバルディアの貴族メルツィに伴われてミラノに赴き、37~41年サマルティーニに師事する幸運を得た。処女作『アルタクセルクセス』などの成功でオペラ作曲家としてスタート、45年ロンドン招聘(しょうへい)ののち、ハンブルクでミンゴッティのオペラ一座に入りドレスデン、ウィーン、プラハ、コペンハーゲンなどを巡業。50年ウィーンの銀行家の娘と結婚し、この地での将来への基盤をつくる。52年ナポリでの『ティトゥス帝の慈悲』大成功ののち、ウィーンに定住。ザクセン・ヒルトブルクハウゼン家の音楽会を地盤に、しだいに帝室に進出、56年にはローマで『アンティゴノス』を初演、教皇より黄金拍車勲章を授与され騎士となる。イタリア・オペラ、フランス・オペラ・コミックをウィーン宮廷のために書いていたが、62年『オルフェオとエウリディーチェ』をウィーンで上演、イタリア・オペラ改革ののろしをあげる。演劇性の重視、レチタティーボの心理表現の強調などが主旨であった。

 1772年以来パリにも進出、『アウリスのイフィゲネイア』『オルフェとウリディス』(1762年版のフランス語による改訂)によりフランス・オペラ界に波紋を投じ、「グルック‐ピッチンニ論争」がおこるが、79年の『タウリスのイフィゲネイア』の大成功は、彼の評価を決定的なものとした。すでに74年に宮廷作曲家の称号を得ていたグルックは、安楽な晩年をウィーンで過ごし、87年11月15日同地で没した。

[樋口隆一]

『グラウト著、服部幸三訳『オペラ史 上』(1957・音楽之友社)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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