Simpson, George Gaylord

Japanese: シンプソン（英語表記）Simpson, George Gaylord

Born June 16, 1902 in Chicago, Illinois
Died: October 6, 1984. Tucson, Arizona. American paleontologist. In 1926, he received his doctorate from Yale University with a thesis on Mesozoic mammals. He used specimens from Yale and the British Museum. In 1927, he became a member of the American Museum of Natural History, where he achieved many accomplishments, most of which were related to early mammals. He studied Cretaceous mammals in Mongolia and North America. He discovered 50 species of Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union Formation in Montana. In the early 1930s, he made three research trips to Patagonia, bringing a wealth of knowledge about Neogene mammals in South America, which had been a blank slate until then. After World War II, he became head of the paleontology department at the Natural History Museum, and also served as a professor at Columbia University. From this time on, he began to branch out into new fields of research, addressing the issue of the shift in the distribution ranges of animals from continent to continent, and writing The Principles of Animal Taxonomy (1961), in which he discussed the basic principles for classifying mammals. In The Meaning of Evolution (1949), he examined the theory of evolution from a paleontological standpoint, which attracted widespread attention. In 1958, he became professor of paleontology at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, and in 1969 he became professor at the University of Arizona.

Simpson
Simpson, Sir James Young

Born June 7, 1811, Bathgate, Scotland
[Died] May 6, 1870. London. British obstetrician. Entered the University of Edinburgh at age 14 and received his doctorate in 1832. In 1839, at age 29, he became a professor at his alma mater. In 1847, he successfully applied ether to childbirth, following the technique of Morton (USA) for painless tooth extraction. In the same year, he succeeded in using chloroform in childbirth, but this use of anesthetics drew strong protests not only from physicians but also from some of the general public and the clergy. However, after he became Queen Victoria's personal physician and succeeded in performing a painless childbirth using chloroform at the birth of Prince Leopold in 1853, the protests subsided. In 1866, he became the first Scottish physician to be made a baronet. He also improved obstetric instruments, such as the Simpson forceps, and attempted follow-up studies of patients who had undergone surgery.

Simpson
Simpson, George

Born: 1787? Lochbroom, Scotland
[Died] September 7, 1860. Racine. British colonial administrator. Governor of Rupertsland (in office 1839-60). He initially worked for a company dealing in trade with the West Indies, but joined the Hudson's Bay Company in 1820. He was sent to Canada, where he worked hard to merge the company with the North West Company in 1821. In 1839, he became governor of the northwestern part of Canada, commonly known as Rupertsland, which was considered to be the property of the Hudson's Bay Company. He was known for his sound management, having personally traveled across the continent to establish Fort Vancouver and Fort Victoria on the Pacific coast.

Simpson
Simpson, N(orman) F(rederick)

Born January 29, 1919 in London. British playwright. Graduated from the University of London. Many of his works are absurdist, including A Resounding Tinkle (1957), The Hole (58, premiered 64), and One Way Pendulum (59). He also writes television scripts.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1902.6.16. イリノイ，シカゴ
[没]1984.10.6. アリゾナ，トゥーソン
アメリカ合衆国の古生物学者。1926年エール大学で，中生代の哺乳類に関する論文で学位を取得。エール大学と大英博物館の標本を資料に用いた。1927年にアメリカ自然史博物館館員となり，数々の業績を上げた。主として初期哺乳類に関するものが多い。モンゴルや北アメリカの白亜紀の哺乳類を研究。モンタナ州でフォート・ユニオン地層から古第三紀暁新世の哺乳類 50種を発見。1930年代の初め，3回にわたってパタゴニアに調査旅行を行ない，それまで空白であった新第三紀の南アメリカの哺乳類について豊富な知識をもたらした。第2次世界大戦後，自然史博物館の古生物部主任となり，コロンビア大学教授も兼ねた。この頃から新しい研究分野に進出し，動物が大陸から大陸へと分布域を移していく問題を取り上げたほか，哺乳類を分類するための基本原理を論じて『動物分類学の基礎』The Principles of Animal Taxonomy（1961）を著した。『進化の意味』The Meaning of Evolution（1949）では古生物学の立場から進化論に検討を加え，広く注目を集めた。1958年にハーバード大学比較動物学博物館の古生物学教授，1969年からアリゾナ大学教授を務めた。

シンプソン
Simpson， Sir James Young

[生]1811.6.7. スコットランド，バスゲート
[没]1870.5.6. ロンドン
イギリスの産科医。 14歳でエディンバラ大学に入り，1832年に学位を取った。 39年 29歳で母校の教授となり，47年モートン (アメリカ) の無痛抜歯の技法にならってエーテルを分娩に応用，成功を収めた。さらに，同年クロロホルムを分娩に使用することに成功したが，この麻酔薬使用は，医師だけでなく，民衆の一部や聖職者からきびしい抗議を受けた。しかし，彼がビクトリア女王の侍医になり，53年レオポルド王子誕生のとき，クロロホルムを使って無痛分娩に成功して以来，抗議の声はおさまった。 66年スコットランドの医師では最初の准男爵に叙せられた。なお，シンプソン鉗子のほか，産科器具を改良，また，手術患者の追跡調査も試みている。

シンプソン
Simpson， George

[生]1787?　スコットランド，ロッホブルーム
[没]1860.9.7. ラシーヌ
イギリスの植民地行政官。ルーパーツランド総督 (在任 1839～60) 。初め西インド諸島との交易を扱う会社に勤めていたが，1820年ハドソン湾会社に入社。カナダに派遣され，21年の同社と北西会社の合併に尽力した。 39年ハドソン湾会社の所有地とみなされるカナダの北西部地方，通称ルーパーツランドの総督となり，みずから大陸を横断して太平洋岸にバンクーバー砦，ビクトリア砦を設けるなど，手堅い経営で知られた。

シンプソン
Simpson， N(orman) F(rederick)

[生]1919.1.29. ロンドン
イギリスの劇作家。ロンドン大学卒業。『チリリンリン』A Resounding Tinkle (1957) ，『穴』 The Hole (58，初演 64) ，『一方振子』 One Way Pendulum (59) など，不条理劇的作品が多い。テレビのシナリオも手がける。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Simpson's rule - Simpson's rule

>>: Renal failure - jinfuzen (English spelling)