Gurukuma - Gurukuma (English name) pigmy mackerel

Japanese: グルクマ - ぐるくま（英語表記）pigmy mackerel

A marine fish of the Scombridae family in the order Perciformes. Gurukuma was originally a name used in the Okinawa region, and Akifurakia was once proposed as the Japanese name, but Gurukuma is now more commonly used. This species is closely related to mackerel, but can be distinguished by its strong lateral flattening of the body and its long, feather-like gill rakers. It is widely distributed from southern Japan to Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. It reaches a total length of 40 cm. In Okinawa, it migrates along the coast twice a year, in spring and autumn, but there is also evidence of vertical migration in the morning and evening. Adult fish before spawning have 2 to 3 yellow stripes on the sides of their bodies, but these are said to disappear after spawning.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

スズキ目サバ科の海産魚。グルクマはもともと沖縄地方の呼称で，和名としては一時アキフラキアが提唱されたが，現在はグルクマが一般的である。本種はサバにきわめて近縁であるが，体の側扁度が強く，また羽状の長い鰓耙（さいは）があるので区別できる。南日本から台湾，東南アジア，インド洋に広く分布する。全長40cmになる。沖縄では春と秋の2回沿岸を回遊するが，朝と夕方に垂直方向の回遊を行っている形跡もある。産卵前の成魚では体側に2～3条の黄色の縞が見られるが，産卵を終えると消失するといわれる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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