…Similarly, in an ecosystem, the efficiency of energy use can be calculated for the various trophic levels that compose it. In his classic study (1942) that established the concept of ecosystems, R.L. Lindeman calculated the ratio ⊿ n /⊿ n -1 of the assimilated energy ⊿ n of a trophic level to that of the next lower trophic level, and called this the progressive efficiency. This later came to be called the Lindeman ratio or Lindeman efficiency. … From [Ecosystem]…Tansley argued for the polyclinic theory, which states that plant communities reach different climaxes depending on factors such as climate, soil, and herbivores, and proposed to call the system created by Clements's biome and non-living environment an ecosystem. The concept of ecosystem was established in 1942 through the research of R.L. Lindeman. Lindeman died at a young age (aged 27 in 1942), but his research on the food cycle and trophic dynamics of lake organisms in a small lake (Cedar Bog Lake) near Minneapolis (Minnesota, USA) specifically clarified the important contents of ecosystems, such as food chains, trophic levels, material circulation, and energy flow. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Lindeman, RL" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…同様に,生態系において,それを構成しているさまざまな栄養段階においてエネルギーの利用効率を求めることができる。リンデマンR.L.Lindemanは生態系の概念を確立した古典的な研究(1942)において,ある栄養段階の同化エネルギー⊿nとそのすぐ下位の栄養段階の同化エネルギー⊿n-1の比⊿n/⊿n-1を求め,これを累進効率progressive efficiencyと呼んだ。これは後にリンデマン比またはリンデマン効率と呼ばれるようになった。… 【生態系】より…タンズリーは植物群落が気候,土壌,草食動物などの要因により異なった極相に達するとし〈多極相説〉を主張し,クレメンツらのバイオームと非生物的環境との作り上げる系を〈生態系(エコシステム)〉と呼ぶことを提案した。 生態系の概念が確立したのは,42年のリンデマンR.L.Lindemanの研究によってであった。リンデマンは若くして亡くなった(1942年に27歳で没)が,ミネアポリス(アメリカのミネソタ州)近くの小さな湖(シーダー・ボグ湖)で行った湖の生物の食物環と栄養動態についての研究から,生態系の重要な内容である食物連鎖,栄養段階,物質循環,エネルギーの流れなどを具体的に明らかにした。… ※「Lindeman,R.L.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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