Yarkand - Yarkand (English spelling)

Japanese: ヤルカンド - やるかんど(英語表記)Yarkand
Yarkand - Yarkand (English spelling)

This refers to a large oasis in the southwest of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China, and its central prefecture. The prefecture belongs to the Kashgar region, and has a population of 804,200 (2013). Administratively, the old name of Shache Prefecture, written in Chinese characters, has been used since the establishment of Xinjiang Province in 1884, but the majority of the residents are Muslim Turkic Uyghurs, and the prefecture is still called Yarkand.

This area is located at the point where the Yarkand River, a meltwater river in the Karakoram Mountains, flows into the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin. The Shache state, with a population of about 16,000, existed here during the Han Dynasty, and it has prospered as an important oasis on the Silk Road since ancient times. This is because it was a key point on the East-West trade route as a base for crossing the Pamir Himalayas, the most difficult part of the Silk Road heading towards Afghanistan and India, and developed as a distribution center for agricultural and livestock products from the surrounding oases and nomadic areas. With this economic advantage as a background, it formed the political center of the oasis region of the Tarim Basin along with Kashgar. Even today, it is an important producer of wheat, corn, cotton, etc. in southern Xinjiang. There are also factories for spinning, building materials, food processing, and hydroelectric power plants.

[Yasushi Sanada, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018]

[References] | Uighur | Silk Road

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、新疆(しんきょう)ウイグル自治区南西にある一大オアシス、およびその中心となる県をさす。県はカシュガル地区に属し、人口80万4200(2013)。行政上では莎車(さしゃ)県という漢音表記の古名が、1884年新疆省成立以来使われているが、住民の大多数はイスラム教徒のトルコ系ウイグルであり、従来どおりヤルカンドの名でよばれている。

 この地はカラコルム山脈の融雪河川ヤルカンド河が、タリム盆地のタクラマカン(タクリマカン)砂漠に注ぐ地点にあり、すでに漢代には人口約1万6000の莎車国が存在し、古くからシルク・ロードの重要なオアシスとして繁栄し続けてきた。それはアフガニスタン、インド方面へ向かうシルク・ロードの最大の難所パミール・ヒマラヤ越えの拠点として東西通商路上の要衝となり、周辺オアシス、遊牧地帯からの農産物、畜産物の集散地として発達してきたためである。この経済上の利点を背景に、カシュガルとともにタリム盆地のオアシス地帯における政治的中心地を形成してきた。現在でも、南新疆における小麦、トウモロコシ、ワタなどの重要な産地となっている。紡績、建築材料、食品加工などの工場や水力発電所もある。

[真田 安・編集部 2018年1月19日]

[参照項目] | ウイグル | シルク・ロード

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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