A simple surveying tool used in geological surveys. It is also called an inclinometer. It basically consists of a magnet, a spirit level, and a pendulum. Some come with a mirrored lid or a hand level (a tool for checking horizontality). It is mainly used to measure the strike and dip of strata, but like a normal magnet, it can also be used to measure direction. First, place the long side of the clinometer against the surface of the strata and keep it level with the spirit level. The direction indicated by the magnetic needle at that time is the strike. It is expressed as the number of degrees it has deflected from north to east or west, such as N20°E. East and west are marked oppositely to normal magnets so that the direction can be read directly. Next, stand the clinometer upright and place the long side at a right angle to the strike. The angle indicated by the pendulum at that time is the dip angle of the strata. The direction of the sinking perpendicular to the strike is measured with a magnet, and the dip angle is expressed with the direction, such as 30°E. In Japan, a digital clinometer was developed in the mid-2000s, which displays both strike and dip values simply by placing it against the bedding surface. Digital clinometers have an optional declination correction function and a measurement data memory function, making them extremely useful when collecting a large amount of data. [Hiroshi Iwamatsu and Akihiro Murata, February 17, 2016] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Clinometer configuration ©Shogakukan "> How to Use a Clinometer Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地質調査に使う簡易測量器具。傾斜儀ともいう。基本的には、磁石と水準器と振り子からなる。鏡付きの蓋(ふた)やハンドレベル(水平を見通す器具)の付属しているものもある。主として地層の走向、傾斜の測定に用いるが、普通の磁石と同様、方位を測ることもある。まずクリノメーターの長辺を地層面に当て、水準器で水平を保つ。そのときの磁針の示す方位が走向である。N20゜Eなどと北から東または西へ何度振れているかで表す。方位を直読できるよう、東西が普通の磁石と反対に刻印されている。次にクリノメーターを立て、長辺を走向に直角に当てる。そのときの振り子の示す角度が地層の傾斜角である。走向と直交し沈下していく向きを磁石で測り、30゜Eなどと傾斜角に方位を添えて表す。なお、日本では2000年代中ごろにデジタルクリノメーターが開発されており、これを層理面に当てるだけで、走向・傾斜の両方の数値が表示されるようになっている。デジタルクリノメーターには、任意の偏角補正機能や、測定データのメモリー機能がついており、多くのデータを収集するときに威力を発揮する。 [岩松 暉・村田明広 2016年2月17日] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> クリノメーターの構成 ©Shogakukan"> クリノメーターの使用法 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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