Juan Gris

Spanish painter. His real name was José Victoriano González. He was born in Madrid. After dropping out of art and craft school, he started drawing illustrations in the Jugend style. In 1906, he moved to Paris and lived in the "Laundryboat" studio tenement on the hill of Montmartre, where he got to know Spanish painters such as Picasso, poets, and critics. After illustrating for magazines, he started painting in 1910. He was influenced by Picasso and Braque, but even during the period of analytical cubism, he maintained his own unique character in his gentle analysis of form, calm composition, and use of color, as seen in "Portrait of Picasso" (1912). In the summer of 1912, he adopted the technique of papier collé, and after participating in the first Section d'Or exhibition in the fall, he also became active as a writer, becoming one of the leaders of comprehensive cubism. One of his representative works from this period is "Still Life with Book, Pipe, and Cup" (1915). However, his health began to deteriorate in 1920, and he passed away prematurely in 1927 due to uremia.

His Cubism went through a period (1915-17) in which he was more interested in composition through color than in analyzing the object, and then he took form even further, and instead of the analytical method of starting from the object and then composition, he started from composition and then reached the object, a method he himself described as "making a bottle from a cylinder." This resulted in works that were profound, tranquil, and full of sincerity and poetry. The results can be seen in "Guitar and Sheet Music" (1926).

[Keizo Kamiyoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

スペインの画家。本名José Victoriano González。マドリード生まれ。美術工芸学校中退後、ユーゲント様式風の挿絵を描く。1906年パリに出てモンマルトルの丘の画室長屋「洗濯船」に住み、ピカソらのスペイン人画家や詩人、批評家を知る。雑誌に挿絵を描いたのち、10年から本格的に絵画に専念。ピカソ、ブラックの影響を受けたが、分析的キュビスムの時代においても、『ピカソの肖像』（1912）にみられるように、その緩やかな形態分析、落ち着いた画面構成、色彩の使い方において独得の個性を保った。12年の夏パピエ・コレの技法を採用、秋に第1回セクション・ドール展に参加後は、著述活動もするなど、総合的キュビスムの指導者の一人となった。この時代の代表作に『本、パイプ、コップのある静物』（1915）がある。しかし20年に健康を害し、27年、尿毒症のため早逝した。

　彼のキュビスムは、対象分析よりも色彩による画面構成に関心をもつ時代（1915～17）を経て、形態の抽象化をさらに進め、対象から出発して構成に至る分析的方法とは逆の、構成から出発して対象に至る方法、彼自身のことばによると「円筒形から瓶をつくる」方法で、重厚で静謐(せいひつ)、誠実さと詩情の漂う作品を達成した。『ギターと楽譜』（1926）にはその成果がみられる。

［神吉敬三］

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