Among the national expenditure budget, there are some expenses that are not expected to be spent within the fiscal year due to their nature or for reasons that occur after the budget is enacted, but they can be carried over to the following year if the Diet passes a resolution in advance. Such expenses are called carryover authorized expenses. The principle is that the amount of the expenditure budget for a fiscal year must be spent within that fiscal year and cannot be used in the following fiscal year. However, the fiscal division of the budget is artificial in the first place, and sticking to this principle without exception could lead to rigidity in budget execution, so the Financial Law allows for cases in which expenses can be carried over to the following fiscal year under certain conditions. Carryover authorized expenses are one of these exceptions, and they must be passed by the Diet in advance, and when the need for carryover actually arises, the reason and amount for each item must be clearly stated and approval must be obtained from the Minister of Finance. There is also an emergency carryover of the budget. This is limited to cases where expenses incurred within a fiscal year cannot be fully spent within the fiscal year due to unavoidable accidents such as disasters, and with the approval of the Minister of Finance, the expenses can be carried over and used in the following fiscal year. Local governments, like the national government, are also permitted to carry over appropriations and carry over for emergencies. [Masatoshi Hayashi] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国の歳出予算の経費のうち、その性質上または予算成立後の事由によって、年度内に支出を終わらない見込みのあるものも出てくるが、それらについてはあらかじめ国会の議決を経ておけば翌年に繰り越して使用することができる。このような経費を繰越明許費とよぶ。一会計年度における歳出予算の経費の金額はその年度内に支出を完了することを要し、これを翌年度に使用することはできないのが原則である。しかし、予算の年度区画というのがそもそも人為的なものであり、この原則を例外なしに貫くことは、かえって予算の執行の硬直化をもたらすことになりかねないから、財政法では一定の条件のもとに翌年度に繰り越して使用できる場合を認めている。繰越明許費もこの特例の一つで、あらかじめ国会の議決を経ておき、実際に繰越しの必要が生じた場合は、事項ごとに事由および金額を明らかにして財務大臣の承認を経ることとなっている。予算の繰越しには、このほかに事故繰越しがある。これは、年度内に支出負担行為をした経費について、災害など避けがたい事故のため年度内に支出を終わらなかった場合に限られるもので、財務大臣の承認を経て翌年度にその経費を繰り越して使用することができる。 なお、地方公共団体においても、国の場合と同様、繰越明許費および事故繰越しが認められている。 [林 正寿] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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