A new transportation route that connects Honshu and Shikoku, which are separated by the Seto Inland Sea, by road and rail. There are three routes: Kobe - Naruto (road only bridge), Kojima - Sakaide (road and rail combined bridge), and Onomichi - Imabari (road only bridge). Each route has various types of bridges, including some of the world's largest long suspension bridges. Each bridge was built with careful consideration to protect the beautiful scenery of the Seto Inland Sea and to avoid pollution, both during and after construction. The completion of the Honshu-Shikoku Bridges has had an immeasurable effect on the economies of Chugoku and Shikoku. To summarize the main effects, firstly, traffic and shipping between Honshu and Shikoku has been smooth at all times, travel time has been cut by about one third, and shipping costs have been reduced, which goes without saying that it has increased the convenience of life and improved the economic standard in the related areas. In addition, with the expansion of maritime traffic in the Seto Inland Sea due to the increase in transportation demand, there has been a reduction in the feared crossing of ships, which has helped to prevent accidents at sea. Another effect is that it has become a major center of the Seto Inland Sea tourist zone. The idea of a Honshu-Shikoku Bridge is said to have first been proposed in 1889 (Meiji 22) by a member of the Kagawa Prefectural Assembly to build a bridge over the Naruto Strait, and then in 1914 (Taisho 3), a "Proposal for the Naruto Bridge" was submitted to the National Diet's Budget Committee, but the idea was ignored at the time as it was considered a fantasy. Since then, similar proposals have been made a number of times, but none have been realized due to the economic and technical difficulties. On May 11, 1955, the Uko ferry "Shiun Maru" collided with a cargo ship off the coast of Takamatsu, taking the lives of 168 people, most of whom were school children on a school trip. This disaster strongly emphasized the need for measures to prevent maritime traffic accidents in Japan, and became a major catalyst for the realization of the bridge. Around this time, the Ministry of Construction (now the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) and the Japanese National Railways (now JR) began full-scale investigations into the realization of the bridge, and finally, with the technical prospects in sight, the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority was established on July 1, 1970 as the implementing agency. Research and development of difficult underwater and above-sea construction techniques began, and preparations were made for the start of construction. In November 1973, just before the simultaneous groundbreaking ceremony for the three routes, the project was temporarily frozen due to Japan's measures to curb total demand caused by the global oil crisis. After that, through discussions between the government and related ministries and agencies, the freeze was lifted and other bridges, including one route (Kojima-Sakai), four bridges (Onarutohashi Bridge, Innoshima Ohashi Bridge, Hakata-Oshima Ohashi Bridge, Omishima Bridge), were constructed one after another. Construction began on the first bridge, Omishima Bridge, in December 1975 (completed in May 1979), followed by Onarutohashi Bridge in July 1976 (completed in June 1985), Innoshima Ohashi Bridge in January 1977 (completed in December 1983), Kojima-Sakai Route in October 1978 (completed in April 1988), Hakata-Oshima Ohashi Bridge in March 1981 (completed in January 1988), Ikuchi Bridge in May 1986 (completed in February 1991), and the 1 Construction began and was completed one after another: the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in May 1988 (completed in April 1998), the Kurushima First Bridge, Kurushima Second Bridge, and Kurushima Third Bridge in May 1988 (completed in May 1999), the Tatara Bridge in August 1990 (completed in May 1999), and the Shin-Onomichi Bridge in May 1993 (completed in May 1999), all of which were completed by the spring of 1999. [Koji Nagase] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
瀬戸内海で隔てられている本州と四国を道路と鉄道によって結ぶ新しい交通路。そのルートは、神戸(こうべ)―鳴門(なると)(道路単独橋)、児島(こじま)―坂出(さかいで)(道路・鉄道併用橋)、尾道(おのみち)―今治(いまばり)(道路単独橋)の3ルートである。それぞれにいろいろな形の橋が架けられ、なかには世界でも有数な規模の長大吊橋(つりばし)がある。それぞれの橋は工事中はもちろん完成後も、美しい瀬戸内海の景観を守り、また公害を出さぬように、十分な配慮のうえで建設された。 本州四国連絡橋の完成による中国、四国の経済等の効果は計り知れないものがある。そのおもなものを要約すると、まず、本州と四国間の交通、輸送が常時円滑に行われる、所要時間がおよそ3分の1に短縮される、輸送経費が低減される、など関連の地域における生活利便の増大と経済水準を向上させたことはいうまでもなく、輸送需要の増大に伴う瀬戸内海の海上交通の拡大に対し、心配される交錯航行が減少され、海難事故の防止に役だっている。また、瀬戸内海観光ゾーンの一大中心地となるなどの効果もある。 本州四国連絡橋の構想は、1889年(明治22)に、香川県の県会議員が、鳴門海峡に橋を架ける提案をしたのが最初であるといわれており、その後1914年(大正3)に、国会の予算委員会に「鳴門架橋に関する建議案」が出されたが、当時の日本にとっては幻想に等しい案として一顧だにされなかったのである。以来、いくたびか同種の提案がなされてきたが、経済的、技術的な困難性が強いということで実現されなかった。 1955年(昭和30)5月11日、宇高(うこう)連絡船「紫雲丸」が、高松沖で貨物船と衝突、修学旅行の学童を中心とした168名の尊い生命が奪われる惨事が発生したが、このことが、日本国内に海上交通事故の防止対策の必要性を強く印象づけることとなり、さらに架橋実現への大きな契機となった。このころから建設省(現、国土交通省)をはじめ国鉄(現、JR)が本格的な架橋実現のための調査を開始し、ついに技術的なめどを得て、1970年7月1日、実施機関として本州四国連絡橋公団が設置され、困難な海中・海上での工事技術等の研究開発を始め、工事着工に向けて準備が進められてきた。1973年11月、3ルートの同時着工式を目前にして、世界的なオイルショックによる日本の総需要抑制策により、このプロジェクトは一時凍結された。 その後、政府および関係省庁の協議により、1ルート(児島―坂出)、4橋(大鳴門橋、因島(いんのしま)大橋、伯方(はかた)・大島大橋、大三島(おおみしま)橋)をはじめ、他の橋梁(きょうりょう)についても次々と凍結が解除され、建設されてきた。すなわち、1975年12月に最初の架橋として大三島橋に着工し(1979年5月完成)、その後1976年7月大鳴門橋(1985年6月完成)、1977年1月因島大橋(1983年12月完成)、1978年10月児島―坂出ルート(1988年4月完成)、1981年3月伯方・大島大橋(1988年1月完成)、1986年5月生口(いくち)橋(1991年2月完成)、1988年5月明石海峡大橋(あかしかいきょうおおはし)(1998年4月完成)、1988年5月来島(くるしま)第一大橋、来島第二大橋、来島第三大橋(1999年5月完成)、1990年(平成2)8月多々羅(たたら)大橋(1999年5月完成)、1993年5月新尾道大橋(1999年5月完成)と次々と着工、竣工(しゅんこう)し、1999年春にはすべて完成した。 [長瀬浩二] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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