Kravchinskii, Sergei Mikhailovich

Japanese: クラフチンスキー（英語表記）Kravchinskii， Sergei Mikhailovich

Born: July 13, 1851. Kherson, Novystarodub
[Died] December 23, 1895, London. Russian writer and revolutionary. Pen name: Stepnyak. He joined the revolutionary movement from the age of 20, and was sympathetic to the ideas of M. Bakunin and P. Lavrov. In 1872, he joined the Tchaikovsky Circle in St. Petersburg. The following year, he took the lead in the "B-Narod" movement, wrote pamphlets, and went into exile in 1874. He went to Switzerland and Paris, and in 1877 he participated in the peasant movement in Italy, where he was arrested and sentenced to death. He was later given a suspended sentence and returned to Russia, but after assassinating St. Petersburg gendarme commander N. Mezentsov, he went into exile abroad and died in England. His major works, Podpol'naya Rossiya (1882) (Russia Underground) and Rossiya pod vlast'yu tsarei (Russia Under the Tsar's Power) (85), still retain their positive meaning today.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1851.7.13. ヘルソン，ノーブイスタロドゥーブ
[没]1895.12.23. ロンドン
ロシアの作家，革命家。筆名ステプニャーク Stepnyak。 20歳の頃から革命運動に加わり，M.バクーニンや P.ラブロフの思想に共鳴し，1872年，ペテルブルグでチャイコフスキー団に入った。翌年「ブ・ナロード」運動の先頭に立ち，パンフレットを書き，74年から国外に亡命し，スイス，パリを経て，77年にイタリアで農民運動に参加したが捕えられ，死刑を宣告された。のち執行猶予で一時帰国したが，ペテルブルグ憲兵司令官 N.メゼンツォフを暗殺して国外に亡命，イギリスで客死した。主著『地下のロシア』 Podpol'naya Rossiya (1882) ，『ツァー権力下のロシア』 Rossiya pod vlast'yu tsarei (85) はいまなおその積極的な意味を失っていない。

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