Born March 15, 1767 in Waxhaw, South Carolina
[Died] June 8, 1845. Born near Nashville, Tennessee. American soldier and politician. Seventh President (in office 1829-37). Born to immigrants in Northern Ireland, he was orphaned at age 14 during the War of Independence. In 1787, he obtained a barrister's license and moved to Tennessee, where he became a county attorney in 1788. In 1796, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. In 1797, he became a U.S. Senator at age 30. In 1798, he became a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court. Until the early 1800s, he was also involved in economic activities such as plantation management, land speculation, and cotton trading. Using his barrister's license, he built up a high social position and considerable assets in the short space of about ten years, a typical rise in social standing characteristic of frontier societies. He then participated in the war against the Indians. From 1813 to 1814, he carried out annihilation tactics against the Creeks. For his military achievements, he was made a major general in the army and commander of the 7th Military District. In January 1815, he won a major victory over the British in the Battle of New Orleans, and was celebrated as a national hero. In 1817-18, he invaded Spanish Florida and defeated the Seminole Indians and runaway slaves. In 1821, he served as the Governor of Florida. From 1822 to 1825, he served as a U.S. Senator. In the 1824 presidential election, he won the most electoral votes, but lost to J. Q. Adams due to the maneuverings of H. Clay. In the 1828 presidential election, he defeated the incumbent Adams and was elected, backed by the spread of universal suffrage for white men. He was re-elected in 1832. He challenged the old privileged forces with the broad support of the common people, including farmers, urban middle class, workers, and the emerging bourgeoisie. He implemented policies such as the party appointment system, the rotation of government officials, the forced relocation of Indians, the popularization of public land distribution, the dissolution of the Second Bank of the United States, the Tariff Act of 1833, and the Second Seminole War (1835-1842), ushering in an era known as "Jacksonian Democracy." He fought four duels, and was a typical Westerner who enjoyed horse racing and cockfighting, and was nicknamed "Old Hickory." His political opponents called him "King Andrew" and saw him as a dictator. After leaving the presidency in 1937, he retired to his home in the Hermitage and lost influence. Jackson
Jackson, Sir Peter Born October 31, 1961. Pukerua Bay, North Island. New Zealand film director. Full name Sir Peter Robert Jackson. At the age of eight, Jackson began filming with an 8mm camera bought by his parents. He soon began making short films, and with financial support from the New Zealand Film Board, he completed Bad Taste (1987), which was praised at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1989, he released Meet the Feebles, a film in which a doll plays the dark side of human behavior, and in 1992, he won several international awards for the zombie film Braindead. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Heavenly Creatures (1994), which was based on a true story. He directed and wrote the screenplay for the three-part Lord of the Rings film adaptation of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). The films were highly praised by critics and were a box office success. The third film in particular won 11 Academy Awards, including Best Director, Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay, which caused quite a stir. In 2010, he was awarded the Order of Merit. Jackson
Jackson, Jesse Born October 8, 1941 in Greenville, South Carolina. American civil rights leader, Baptist minister, and politician. His real name was Jesse Louis Burns. He won a scholarship to the University of Illinois as a football player in 1959, then transferred to North Carolina Agricultural and Technical University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1964. He joined the civil rights movement during that time. He then studied at Chicago Theological Seminary, and was ordained a Baptist minister in 1968. In 1965, he traveled to Selma, Alabama to join the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. (see Selma March), and became an activist with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). In 1971, he left the SCLC to start a separate organization. In the late 1970s, he expanded his activities around the world. He was praised for his involvement in negotiating the release of American military and civilian hostages in Syria in 1984, Iraq in 1990, and Yugoslavia in 1999. In the 1980s, Jackson was a leading voice and advocate for African Americans in the country. He ran twice in the Democratic presidential primary, coming in third in 1984 and second in 1988. Jackson's growing influence within the Democratic Party led to African-American issues being emphasized in the Democratic platform. In 1997, President Bill Clinton appointed him Special Envoy for Africa. In the same year, he founded the Wall Street Project, a movement to expand opportunities for minorities in American corporations. In 2000, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and a Master of Divinity from Chicago Theological Seminary. Jackson
Jackson, Reggie Born May 18, 1946 in Wyncote, Pennsylvania. Full name Reginald Martinez Jackson. He played for the Kansas City Athletics in the minor leagues from 1967 until he was promoted to the first team in 1968 when the team moved to Oakland, California. He was known as a home run hitter and a speedy runner. While with the Athletics, he won the American League home run title in 1973 and 1975, and helped the team win the World Series three times in a row (1972-74). After 1973, he played mainly as a designated hitter. After being traded to the Baltimore Orioles in 1976, he joined the New York Yankees as a free agent in 1977. In the final game of the 1977 World Series, he hit home runs in three consecutive at-bats, scoring five runs and leading the Yankees to victory. In the following 1978 World Series, he recorded a batting average of .391 and two home runs. His outstanding performance in the World Series held in October earned him the nickname "Mr. October." In 1980, he again won the league home run title. He played for the California Angels from 1982 to 1986, but returned to the Athletics in 1987 and retired after the season. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1993. Jackson
Jackson, Michael Born: August 29, 1958 in Gary, Indiana
[Died] June 25, 2009. Los Angeles, California. American singer, songwriter, composer, and dancer. Full name Michael Joseph Jackson. Born into a musical family, Jackson formed the Jackson Five with his four brothers at the age of 11, and became the lead singer. He made his solo debut in 1971, and had big hits with albums such as Off the Wall (1979) and Thriller (1982, which won eight Grammy awards, including Best Album), both produced by Quincy Jones. He showed great talent for dancing while singing in the promotional videos for Billie Jean and Beat It, and the "moonwalk" became his trademark. In the 1980s, Jackson established himself as a superstar in an era when visual elements were important, and was called the "Emperor of Pop." Many big American singers participated in "We Are the World" (1985), which he co-wrote with Lionel Richie to promote poverty and hunger relief in Africa. In 2003, he was arrested and indicted on charges of sexually abusing a boy, but was found not guilty in 2005. In 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Jackson
Jackson, Glenda Born May 9, 1936, Birkenhead, British stage and film actress. Born into a bricklayer's family, she left school at 16 to join an amateur theatre company. She soon won a scholarship to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and after graduating she worked for several repertory theatres as an actress and assistant stage director. She was discovered by Peter Brook and cast in a production of "Théâtre de Cruelty", which guaranteed her a promising future as an actress. In 1964, she played the role of Charlotte Corday in the London production of Marat/Sade, and played the same role in the New York production (1965) and the film adaptation (1967). She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Women in Love (1969), directed by Ken Russell, and for A Touch of Class (1973). She ran for the Labour Party in the 1992 general election and was elected to the House of Commons. Jackson
Jackson, John Born: September 28, 1769, London
[Died] October 7, 1845, London. British professional boxer. Nicknamed Gentleman Jackson. He was fairly well known as an amateur bare-knuckle boxer, but only participated in three official matches. In his third match, in 1795, he defeated Daniel Mendoza to become the British bare-knuckle champion. He held the title until 1803, but retired to open a school of self-defense. It is said that he created a scientific method of boxing attacks, such as counter-blows, how to keep the right distance from the opponent, and agile footwork, while teaching at the school. Many young aristocrats, including Lord Byron, gathered at the school, and they formed the Pygmies for the Protection of Boxing in 1814. He contributed to establishing professional boxing as an official sport in Britain. Jackson
Jackson, Frederick George Born: March 6, 1860, Warwickshire
[Died] March 13, 1938, London British Arctic explorer. Graduated from the University of Edinburgh, he traveled to Greenland on a whaling ship in 1887, and planned an Arctic expedition using the Franz Josef Lands as a base. From 1893 to 1894, he made a sledding trip through the Siberian tundra to northern Norway, and in 1894 organized the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, which explored the Franz Josef Lands (1894-1897) as the first step to the North Pole, and achieved remarkable results. However, seeing the failure of F. Nansen, who had reached 86°13′ north latitude (the northernmost point at the time) with H. Johansen in 1895, and had to retreat, he abandoned his plans to go to the North Pole. After serving in the South African War and World War I, he explored Central Africa. His main works include A Thousand Days in the Arctic (1899). Jackson
Jackson The capital of the state of Mississippi in the United States. It is located on the Pearl River, almost in the center of the state. The city was named after General A. Jackson (the seventh president). It was built in 1822 according to a checkerboard-like urban plan with alternating urban areas and parks. In the 1930s, the old state capitol (now a historical museum) and the governor's mansion were built, but they were burned down during the Civil War (1861-65) and fell into decline for a time. A new capitol was completed in 1903. In the 20th century, the city recovered rapidly. In the 1930s, natural gas was discovered in the suburbs, and industry developed. The main industries are railroad manufacturing, shipbuilding, glass, tile, and electronic equipment. There are Millsaps College (established in 1890), Jackson State University (1877), a library, an art gallery, and an opera company and a symphony orchestra. Population: 196,637 (1990). Jackson
Jackson, Sheldon Born May 18, 1834 in Minaville, New York
[Died] May 2, 1909.
American Presbyterian minister and educator. Graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1854. Founded over 100 churches in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and other states between 1859 and 1883. Opened schools for Native Americans in New Mexico and Arizona. Organized churches and schools in Alaska in 1883, imported Siberian reindeer to supplement food supplies, and served as education official from 1885 to 1908, laying the groundwork for Alaska's inclusion in the United States. Elected president of the Presbyterian Convention in 1897. Jackson
Jackson, John Hughlings Born: April 4, 1835, Greenhamerton
[Died] October 7, 1911, London. British neurologist. After receiving his doctorate from the University of St. Andrews in 1860, he worked mainly in London. He worked at the National Hospital of Neurology from 1862, and also at the London Hospital from 1863. As well as studying the nervous system, he attempted to explain mental disorders neurologically. His theory was later called Jacksonism. He was also known as an authority on speech disorders, and in 1863 he described Jackson's epilepsy. He studied disorders of the nervous system caused by damage to the brain and spinal cord, and made a great contribution to the subsequent development of neurology and psychiatry. Jackson
Jackson, Thomas Jonathan Born January 21, 1824 in Clarksburg, Virginia.
Died: May 10, 1863, Chancellorsville, Virginia. U.S. Army officer. Participated in the Mexican-American War of 1846-47. Joined the Confederate Army when the Civil War began in 1861, and led troops to victory as General Robert Lee's right-hand man at the Battle of Bull Run in the same year and the Battle of Shenandoah Valley in 1862. He was nicknamed "Stonewall Jackson" for his bravery. He died in 1863 from a serious gunshot wound while leading the battle at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson
Jackson, Helen (Maria) Hunt Born October 15, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts.
[died] August 12, 1885, San Francisco. American female poet and novelist. Maiden name Fiske. Known for her pamphlet A Century of Dishonor (1881), which protested the injustice suffered by California's Indians, and her novel Ramona (84) on the same theme. Her other works include Mercy Philbrick's Choice (76), which was inspired by her friend E. Dickinson. Jackson
Jackson, A(braham) V(alentine) Williams Born: February 9, 1862 in New York
[Died] August 8, 1937, New York. American linguist. Professor at Columbia University. Known for his research on Indo-Iranian languages, especially Avestan. His major works include An Avesta Grammar in Comparison with Sanskrit (1892) and Persia, Past and Present (1906). Jackson
Jackson A city in the western part of Tennessee, USA. It is located about 130 km northeast of Memphis, on the South Fork River, a tributary of the Mississippi River. Settlement began in the early 1820s, and it soon became a center of cotton cultivation. It was named after the seventh president, A. Jackson. The city's economy is based on the collection and distribution of cotton and lumber, and industries such as wood products and furniture. There are also educational facilities such as Lane University (founded in 1882). Population 48,949 (1990). Jackson
Juxon, William [Born] 1582. Chichester?
[Died] June 4, 1663. London. English clergyman. He rose through the ranks with the patronage of W. Lord, and became Bishop of London in 1633 and Lord Treasurer in 1636. He was the last clergyman in England to hold important secular posts. During the Puritan Revolution, he served as an aide to King Charles I, and was present at the king's execution in 1649. At the Restoration in 1660, he became Archbishop of Canterbury, a position he held until his death. Jackson
Jackson A city in southern Michigan, USA. It is located 110 km west of Detroit, on the Grand River. It was settled in 1829. The name comes from A. Jackson, the seventh president of the United States. After the automobile factories, which were the main industry in the early days, moved to other towns, the city has worked to diversify its industry, and the manufacture of automobile parts and toys is thriving. Southern Michigan State Prison is located 8 km north. Population: 33,534 (2010). Jackson
Jackson, Cyril Born: 1746, Yorkshire
Died August 15, 1819. A priest in the Church of England at Felpham. Graduated from Oxford University. From 1771 to 1776, he was assistant to the eldest and second sons of George III. From 1783 to 1809, he was dean of Christ Church, Oxford. He excelled in church administration, established strict discipline, and nurtured excellent human resources. Jackson
Jackson, Alexander Young Born October 3, 1882 in Montreal
[Died] April 5, 1974.
Canadian painter. Studied in Chicago and Paris. Worked as an official war record artist from 1917 to 1919. Later became a member of the "Group of Seven." Best known for his landscapes of northern Ontario, the Quebec countryside, and the Rocky Mountains. Jackson
Jackson, Sir Barry Vincent [Born] 1879
[Died] 1961
British theatre director. Founded the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in 1913. Aiming to create free theatre unconstrained by tradition, he directed many classical and modern plays. His books include The Theatre and Civil Life (1922). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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