A number that expresses the average abundance of each element near the Earth's surface as a percentage. American geochemist F.W. Clark and fellow geochemist and petrologist H.S. Washington averaged 5,159 analytical values of igneous rocks to determine the chemical composition of the lithosphere up to 16 kilometers underground, and added air and seawater to calculate the average chemical composition of the Earth's surface. Soviet geochemist and mineralogist A.E. Fersman gave this number the name Clarke's number (1933). However, since the differences in structure and chemical composition between the continental crust and the oceanic crust have become clear, it is best to avoid using this number, which was calculated mainly for igneous rocks in continental regions, as the abundance of an element in the crust. [Tokiko Chiba] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地表付近における各元素の平均存在度をパーセントで表した数値。アメリカの地球化学者F・W・クラークと同じく地球化学者・岩石学者であったH・S・ワシントンは、火成岩の分析値5159例を平均して、地下16キロメートルまでの岩石圏の化学組成とし、それに大気と海水を加えて地球表層部の平均化学組成を計算した。この数値に、ソ連の地球化学者・鉱物学者のA・E・フェルスマンがクラーク数の名を与えた(1933)。なお大陸地殻と海洋地殻の構造や化学組成の違いが明確になった現在、大陸地域の火成岩を主体に計算したこの数値を元素の地殻存在度の意味で使用するのは避けたほうがよい。 [千葉とき子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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