Clarke number

Japanese: クラーク数 - くらーくすう
Clarke number

A number that expresses the average abundance of each element near the Earth's surface as a percentage. American geochemist F.W. Clark and fellow geochemist and petrologist H.S. Washington averaged 5,159 analytical values ​​of igneous rocks to determine the chemical composition of the lithosphere up to 16 kilometers underground, and added air and seawater to calculate the average chemical composition of the Earth's surface. Soviet geochemist and mineralogist A.E. Fersman gave this number the name Clarke's number (1933). However, since the differences in structure and chemical composition between the continental crust and the oceanic crust have become clear, it is best to avoid using this number, which was calculated mainly for igneous rocks in continental regions, as the abundance of an element in the crust.

[Tokiko Chiba]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地表付近における各元素の平均存在度をパーセントで表した数値。アメリカの地球化学者F・W・クラークと同じく地球化学者・岩石学者であったH・S・ワシントンは、火成岩の分析値5159例を平均して、地下16キロメートルまでの岩石圏の化学組成とし、それに大気と海水を加えて地球表層部の平均化学組成を計算した。この数値に、ソ連の地球化学者・鉱物学者のA・E・フェルスマンがクラーク数の名を与えた(1933)。なお大陸地殻と海洋地殻の構造や化学組成の違いが明確になった現在、大陸地域の火成岩を主体に計算したこの数値を元素の地殻存在度の意味で使用するのは避けたほうがよい。

[千葉とき子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Krak des Chevaliers

>>:  Kragujevac (English spelling)

Recommend

morale

…It refers to the diligence of people in their da...

Tar [mountain] - Tar

An active volcano in southern Luzon, Philippines. ...

Iwashimizu Festival - Iwashimizusai

This is an annual festival held on September 15th ...

Blake, P.

…After the war, Britain also produced pop art, st...

Tail dragging

Another name for the Minohiki Chabo, a chicken tha...

Elbow - Elbow

Although it is the middle part between the upper ...

Jernej Kopitar

1780‐1844 A Yugoslav linguist. Slovenian. He studi...

Only child

A collection of science fiction short stories by A...

Ispata - Ispata

...When kneaded into the dough and baked, carbon ...

Invisible College

During this time, he also came into contact with ...

Flame hardening - Kaen yakiire

…Steel manufactured for this purpose is specifica...

Ludwig II - Ludwig

The fourth king of Bavaria (reigned 1864-1886). He...

Great Skylark Plover - Great Skylark Plover

...They build their nests on the ground using a s...

Elias Canetti

British thinker and man of letters. Born in Ruse,...

Georgetown (Malaysia) (English spelling) Georgetown

...The highest peak, Penang Hill, is 830m above s...