Born: September 1, 1925, New York, New York [Died] December 26, 2018. Physicist from Newton, Massachusetts. He participated in the Manhattan Project while studying at Harvard University, and obtained his Ph.D. in physics from the same university in 1949. He returned to Harvard in 1952 after studying at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the California Institute of Technology. In 1963, he succeeded in constructing a quantum mechanical theory of coherent light produced by lasers. He considered light to have the properties of both particles (→ photons) and waves, and theoretically explained that laser light, which is coherent and causes interference, is a special superposition of photon states (→ coherence), unlike the light from a light bulb, which has a random phase and is difficult to interfere with. This theoretical framework is called quantum optics, and is the basis of the Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon of atoms and quantum teleportation experiments. In practical terms, it has also been useful in the development of quantum cryptography and quantum computers. For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2005 along with John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hensch. In 1985 he was awarded the AA Michaelson Medal and the Max Born Prize, and in 1989 he received the Alexander von Humboldt Prize. Glauber |
[生]1925.9.1. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク [没]2018.12.26. マサチューセッツ,ニュートン アメリカ合衆国の物理学者。ハーバード大学在学中にマンハッタン計画に参加し,1949年同大学で物理学の博士号を取得,プリンストン高等研究所,カリフォルニア工科大学などを経て 1952年にハーバード大学に戻った。1963年レーザーでつくられる位相がそろったコヒーレント光の量子力学的な理論の構築に成功した。光を粒子(→光子)と波の両方の性質をもつものとしてとらえ,位相がばらばらで干渉を起こしにくい電球の光と異なり,位相がそろっていて干渉を起こすレーザー光が特別な光子状態の重ね合わせであること(→コヒーレンス)を理論的に説明した。この理論的枠組みは量子光学と呼ばれ,原子のボース=アインシュタイン凝縮現象や量子テレポーテーション実験の基礎となっている。また実用面では,量子暗号や量子コンピュータの開発に役立っている。この功績により,2005年ジョン・L.ホール,テオドール・W.ヘンシュとともにノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。1985年 A.A.マイケルソン・メダルとマックス・ボルン賞を授与され,1989年アレクサンダー・フォン・フンボルト賞を受賞。 グラウバー
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