Glauber, Roy J.

Japanese: グラウバー(英語表記)Glauber, Roy J.
Glauber, Roy J.
Born: September 1, 1925, New York, New York
[Died] December 26, 2018. Physicist from Newton, Massachusetts. He participated in the Manhattan Project while studying at Harvard University, and obtained his Ph.D. in physics from the same university in 1949. He returned to Harvard in 1952 after studying at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the California Institute of Technology. In 1963, he succeeded in constructing a quantum mechanical theory of coherent light produced by lasers. He considered light to have the properties of both particles (→ photons) and waves, and theoretically explained that laser light, which is coherent and causes interference, is a special superposition of photon states (→ coherence), unlike the light from a light bulb, which has a random phase and is difficult to interfere with. This theoretical framework is called quantum optics, and is the basis of the Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon of atoms and quantum teleportation experiments. In practical terms, it has also been useful in the development of quantum cryptography and quantum computers. For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2005 along with John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hensch. In 1985 he was awarded the AA Michaelson Medal and the Max Born Prize, and in 1989 he received the Alexander von Humboldt Prize.

Glauber
Glauber, Johann Rudolf

Born: 1604 in Karlstadt, Bavaria
Died March 10, 1668. German chemist and physician. He was interested in alchemy and actively advocated the development and utilization of Germany's natural resources. He was a pioneer in the field of chemical industry at that time, researching the production and properties of various acids and salts, and working on the production of medicines, paints, explosives, glass, and ceramics. He also showed a considerable understanding of substitution and double decomposition reactions. He is famous for discovering that the reaction of table salt with sulfuric acid produces hydrochloric acid on one side and sodium sulfate on the other, the latter of which he found to be a laxative. For this reason, sodium sulfate is also called Glauber's salt (Milan's salt).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1925.9.1. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
[没]2018.12.26. マサチューセッツ,ニュートン
アメリカ合衆国の物理学者。ハーバード大学在学中にマンハッタン計画に参加し,1949年同大学で物理学の博士号を取得,プリンストン高等研究所,カリフォルニア工科大学などを経て 1952年にハーバード大学に戻った。1963年レーザーでつくられる位相がそろったコヒーレント光の量子力学的な理論の構築に成功した。光を粒子(→光子)と波の両方の性質をもつものとしてとらえ,位相がばらばらで干渉を起こしにくい電球の光と異なり,位相がそろっていて干渉を起こすレーザー光が特別な光子状態の重ね合わせであること(→コヒーレンス)を理論的に説明した。この理論的枠組みは量子光学と呼ばれ,原子のボース=アインシュタイン凝縮現象や量子テレポーテーション実験の基礎となっている。また実用面では,量子暗号や量子コンピュータの開発に役立っている。この功績により,2005年ジョン・L.ホール,テオドール・W.ヘンシュとともにノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。1985年 A.A.マイケルソン・メダルとマックス・ボルン賞を授与され,1989年アレクサンダー・フォン・フンボルト賞を受賞。

グラウバー
Glauber, Johann Rudolf

[生]1604. バイエルン,カルルシュタット
[没]1668.3.10. アムステルダム
ドイツの化学者,医者。錬金術に関心をもち,積極的にドイツの天然資源開発と利用を唱え,種々の酸類,塩類の製造とその性質の研究,医薬,ペイント,爆薬,ガラス,陶磁器の製造に取組むなど,当時の化学工業分野における第1の先覚者。また置換ないし複分解反応にかなりの理解を示していた。なかでも食塩に硫酸を作用させると,一方に塩酸が他方に硫酸ナトリウムができることを発見し,後者が便通の薬になることを見出したことは有名。このため硫酸ナトリウムはグラウバー塩 (芒硝 ) ともいわれている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  CROWN CORPORATION

>>:  Claudius II, Marcus Aurelius (Valerius) Claudius Gothicus

Recommend

Nammā(■1)vār (English spelling)

A Vaishnavite saint active in the Tamil region of ...

Rouget de Lisle, CJ (English) RougetdeLisleCJ

…France's national anthem. The lyrics and mus...

go behind

…Wrestling is said to be the oldest sport in the ...

Fukinuki Yatai - Fukinuki Yatai

A unique style of depiction of architecture used ...

Michael Baius

1513‐89 Flemish theologian. Also known as Bajus. H...

Fungus patch - Kinto

...Plants that have fungi living symbiotically on...

Poem of the name of medicine (English)

A Chinese poem that recites the names of herbal me...

《Overseas Newspaper Special Collection》

…The contents were abridged translations of the c...

Jinan

Also known as "Seinan". Capital of Shand...

Ornithogalum dubium - Ornithogalum dubium

...The flowers are mostly white, with thick petal...

Seidan [town] - Seidan

An old town in Mihara District, Hyogo Prefecture, ...

Izumi Mountains

A mountain range stretching 50 km from east to we...

General welfare - Ippan no fukushi

...Since ancient Greece, it has been one of the f...

Lernaeodiscus okadai (English spelling) Lernaeodiscusokadai

…The false fukuromushi Heterosaccus papillosus is...

slumping

...One of the important subjects in the study of ...