Shogunate tax - Kubounengu

Japanese: 公方年貢 - くぼうねんぐ

A term referring to honnengu (tribute tax) in the late Middle Ages. From the end of the Kamakura period onwards, the lords of manors and jito lords came to be called kubo by the people under their rule, and the kubo in kubo nengu refers to these lords. This term appeared during the Nanboku-cho period, and during the Sengoku period it became common to see it mainly in local documents such as land sales certificates and donation letters, mainly in the Kinai region and its surrounding areas. The appearance of this term is based not on a change in the name of the kubo, but on the change and expansion of the local concept of nengu (tribute tax). In the early Middle Ages, nengu referred to honnengu (tribute tax), but in the later period, headman holders came to consider the total amount of collections, including the land tax share collected from the cultivators, as nengu, and this term was born out of the need to distinguish the honnengu that they paid to the kubo.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中世後期の本年貢をさす語。鎌倉時代末期以降，荘園領主，地頭領主をその支配下の住人が公方と称するようになるが，公方年貢の公方はこれらの領主をさす名称である。この語は南北朝時代よりあらわれ，戦国時代には畿内を中心にその周辺部に，主として土地の売券，寄進状など在地の文書に一般的にみられるようになる。この語の登場は公方の名称の変化というより，在地における年貢概念の変化･拡大にその根拠が求められる。中世前期においては年貢は本年貢をさしたが，後期においては名主職所有者が耕作者から収納する加地子得分などを含む収納物の総体を年貢と意識するようになり，そのうちより彼らが公方に上納する本年貢を区別する必要からこの名称が生まれた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Kubogai (Kubo shell) - Kubogai (English spelling) Chlorostoma argyrostoma

>>: Shogun's Estate - Kubogoryosho