National construction - Kuniyakubushin

Japanese: 国役普請 - くにやくぶしん

Also called "kokuyakubushin." During the Edo period, large-scale river construction work was carried out under the direction of the shogunate, with peasants mobilized as laborers according to a set standard. It was mainly carried out on rivers that flowed through areas where the shogunate's territory and private land were intertwined. An old example of this type of work is the embankment construction work carried out by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Owari Province during his "sokoku shushutsu." In the early Edo period, the responsibility for mobilizing provincial laborers was left to the daimyo and hatamoto of each territory, and it seems that a system was adopted in which positions were divided and assigned to private lords. In 1720, the shogunate issued the Kokuyaku Fushinrei (National Construction Order). For flood control works on rivers in the Kanto, Tokai, Echigo, Mino and Kinai regions, feudal lords who ruled over a province or feudal lords with a fief of more than 200,000 koku were to carry out their own construction work, while the shogunate would pay one-tenth of the construction work for feudal lords with smaller territories, hatamoto vassals, temples and shrines, and for construction work within the shogunate's territories, and the rest was to be collected as a national tax, at an average rate from farmers who owned 1000 yen of shogunate or private land. This system was suspended for a period, but continued throughout the Edo period, until it was abolished by a proclamation from the Dajokan in 1875.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

〈こくやくぶしん〉ともいう。江戸時代，幕府主導の下に農民から一定の基準で人足などを動員して行われた大規模な河川工事。おもに幕府領・私領の入り組んだ地域を流れる河川で実施された。この形態は豊臣秀吉が尾張国で〈惣国罷出〉で行った築堤工事が古い例。江戸時代前期には国役人足の動員の責任が各所領の大名・旗本らにゆだねられ，私領主に持場を分担して割り当てる方式がとられたようだ。1720年幕府は国役普請令を発布。関東，東海，越後，美濃，畿内の河川の治水工事について，一国を領有する大名や20万石以上の大名は自普請，それ以下の大名・旗本・寺社の所領および幕府領内の普請は，幕府が10分の１を負担，残りは国役金として幕府領・私領一円の農民から高割りして平均に徴収することとした。この制度はその後停止された時期もあるが，江戸時代を通じて存続し，1875年の太政官布告で廃止された。
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