Applied anthropology

Japanese: 応用人類学 - おうようじんるいがく(英語表記)applied anthropology
Applied anthropology
The application of knowledge accumulated through anthropology to practical problems. It is also called behavioral anthropology. The practicality of anthropology has been pointed out from early on, and in fact, up until the 19th century, anthropology developed as an academic field for the ruling classes to understand the culture of colonies, against the backdrop of the expansion of European and American colonies and Christian missionary activities. In the United States during World War II, anthropologists were mobilized to cooperate under the pretext of studying enemy countries. R. Benedict's research on Japan is one example of this. In 1941, the Society for Applied Anthropology was also founded. However, as cultural relativism became the basic stance of anthropology, criticism of the nature of anthropology was leveled against the issue of ethnic minorities and racial prejudice, and in recent years, anthropology has undergone a major transformation into development anthropology, which studies cultural changes accompanying the economic and social development of so-called developing countries.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
人類学によって集積された知識の,実際問題への応用のこと。行動人類学ともいわれる。人類学の実用性は早くから指摘されており,実際に人類学は,19世紀まで欧米の植民地拡大とキリスト教の布教活動を背景に,植民地の文化を理解するための支配者側の学問として発達してきた。また第2次世界大戦中のアメリカでは,敵性国研究の名目で人類学者が動員され,協力した。 R.ベネディクトの日本研究もその一つである。 1941年には,応用人類学会も設立された。しかしその後,文化相対主義が人類学の基本的立場となるにつれて,少数民族・人種偏見の問題をめぐって人類学のあり方に対する批判がなされ,近年はいわゆる発展途上国の経済・社会開発に伴う文化変化の研究を行う開発人類学へと大きくさま変りしている。

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