...The second point of terminology is that the actions of the executive branch, which is the head of the executive branch but controls the administrative agencies, such as the president, cabinet, governors, and mayors, are considered to be political. In the United States and Britain, there are many examples of terminology that refer to the equivalent of the executive power or the executive branch. In such examples, a distinction is made between the executive and the administrative. From [Separation of Powers]…Here, legislation is considered to be created by the conscious action of people bound by the purpose of preserving property, but empowered by the trust of the people, and the organizational principle of political society is assumed to be centered on this idea of legislation. If the legislative power, the highest power from which all other powers derive and must be subordinated, and the executive power, which enforces the fixed and permanent laws created by the legislative power, were entrusted to the same person, they would be exempt from obedience to the laws they create, so it is necessary to assign these two powers to different people. While the executive power is the enforcement of laws on domestic matters, there is the federal power, which manages external security and matters of the public interest, and is distinguished from the executive power in that it is not suitable for being bound by pre-established laws, but these two powers are vested in the same person. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "executive power" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…第2の用語法の要点は,行政府に属しながらも,その頂点に君臨して行政機関を統制している執政機関,すなわち大統領,内閣,知事,市町村長などの行動を政治とみるところにある。英米では,行政権ないし行政府に相当するものを執政権executive powerないし執政部門executive branchと称する用語例が少なくない。このような用語例では,執政executiveと行政administrativeが区別されているのである。… 【権力分立】より…ここでは,立法とは,propertyの保全という目的によって拘束された,しかし,人民の信託にもとづいて権限を与えられた人々の意識的な作用によって創造されるものとして考えられており,そのような立法の観念を中心として,〈政治社会〉の組織原理が想定される。一切の他の権力がそれに由来し従属しなければならない最高の権力である立法権legislative powerと,立法権によってつくられた〈定まった恒常的な法〉を執行する執行権executive powerとを同一人にゆだねるなら,彼らは自分のつくる法への服従を免れることになってしまうから,これら2権を,違った人間に担当させることが必要となる。 執行権が国内事項についての法の執行であるのに対し,対外的な安全と公益事項の管理をおこなう同盟権federative powerがあり,執行権と比べて,あらかじめ定められた法に拘束されるのに適していないという点で区別されるが,この2権は,同一者によって担当される。… ※「executive power」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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