Equal Trade Law - Kinyuho

Economic and financial policy during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty in China. Aimed at smooth circulation of goods, it was planned and led by Sang Hongyang, and was partially implemented from 115 BC, and fully implemented from 110 BC. Local districts and prefectures had equal-transport officials, and the central government had the equal-transport office headed by the equal-transport office of the Grand Minister of Agriculture. The classical interpretation is that the system required the submission of local specialty products with commercial value in exchange for taxes, which the state resold to other regions to adjust prices, with the profits becoming revenue for the national treasury. However, there are doubts about this interpretation, and it cannot be said that the function of the equal-transport law was fully fulfilled. The equal-transport law is thought to have had the purpose of equalizing the burden of transporting taxes, and it has been recognized that the actual operation of the equal-transport law involved the compulsory imposition of cloth and the accumulation of large amounts of cloth in the equal-transport officials, and there are many unknowns about the function and operation of the system.

[Tsuyoshi Kageyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、前漢の武帝時代の経済財政政策。財貨の円滑な流通を目的とし、桑弘羊(そうこうよう)の立案と指導により、紀元前115年から部分的に施行され、前110年から全面実施となった。地方の郡県に均輸官を置き、中央には大司農(だいしのう)に均輸令を長官とする均輸があった。商品価値のある地方の特産物を賦税にかえて納入させ、国家はこれを他の地方に転売して物価の調整を実現し、その利益は国庫の収入となる制度という理解が古典的解釈である。しかしこの解釈には疑問もあって、均輸法の機能を尽くしているとはいえない。均輸には賦税の運輸の負担を均平にする意味があったと考えられ、また均輸法の実際の運営では布帛(ふはく)の強制的賦課とその均輸官への大量の集積があった事実が認められ、制度の機能と運営の実体については不明の点が多い。

［影山　剛］

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