Generally, it refers to architecture from after 1800 until around the time of World War II (→ Modern Architecture). From the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, European architecture repeatedly imitated past architectural styles such as classicism, romanticism, and eclecticism, but the development of industry in the 19th century gave birth to new themes such as iron bridges, stations, and factories, and new structural methods were developed using new materials such as steel, glass, and reinforced concrete. Art Nouveau, which sought a new artistic style, the Secession movement led by J. Olbrich, and the Chicago School led by L. Sullivan, formed the starting point of modern architecture. However, the Dutch "De Stijl" led by J. Oud and Mies van der Rohe, the German "Bauhaus" led by Gropius, and the French "Purism" led by Le Corbusier played an important role in establishing functional design in modern architecture (→ Functionalist Architecture). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
一般に 1800年以後,第2次世界大戦前後頃までの建築をさす (→現代建築 ) 。 18世紀末から 19世紀なかばまで,ヨーロッパ建築は古典主義,ロマン主義,折衷主義と過去の建築様式の模倣を繰返していたが,19世紀の工業の発達は鉄橋,駅,工場などの新しいテーマを生み,鉄骨やガラス,鉄筋コンクリートなどの新材料による新構造方式を発展させ,新しい芸術様式を求めたアール・ヌーボー,J.オルブリヒらのゼツェッシオン運動,L.サリバンらのシカゴ派などが,近代建築の出発点を形成した。しかし,近代建築が機能的デザインを確立するうえで重要な働きをしたのは,J.アウト,ミース・ファン・デル・ローエを中心とするオランダの「デ・ステイル」,グロピウスを中心とするドイツの「バウハウス」,ル・コルビュジエを中心とするフランスの「ピュリスム (→純粋主義 ) 」などである。 (→機能主義建築 )
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