Jin-yi-wei; Chin-i-wei

Japanese: 錦衣衛 - きんいえい（英語表記）Jin-yi-wei; Chin-i-wei

One of the imperial guards of the Ming Dynasty in China. Established in Hongwu 15 (1382). To protect the imperial palace and the capital, it was one of the direct guards of the Imperial Guard and belonged to the Parent Military Command Office, and was headed by a commander who was a Duke, Marquis, and controlled the Northern and Southern Political Bureaus. Its duties included patrols in and around the capital, as well as guarding the imperial court, as well as interrogating and arresting criminals, and was especially responsible for the Imperial Prison (Jinyiwei Prison). As such, it had both military and criminal powers as the hands and feet of the emperor's dictatorial power, and after the Yongle Emperor, it played a key role in the reign of terror along with the Eastern Arsenal, whose chief was a eunuch.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，明代の禁衛軍の一つ。洪武 15 (1382) 年設置。皇城，首都の護衛のため，侍衛上直軍の一つとして親軍指揮司に属し，勲戚 (公侯伯) の都督を長官に，南北両鎮撫司などを統轄。その任務は，鹵簿 (ろぼ) の儀仗，宮廷の守護のほか，京城内外の巡察や罪人の訊問逮捕などで，特に詔獄 (錦衣衛の獄) も担当。したがって皇帝独裁権の手足として兵，刑の両権をもち，永楽帝以後は宦官を長官とする東廠などと並び恐怖政治の主役となった。

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