Brutalism

Japanese: Brutalism
Brutalism

… While the mainstream of British architecture in the 20th century followed the so-called International Style, there were also works that reflected tradition, such as the University of Sussex (1960), which was built under the influence of Howard's "Garden City" concept and placed emphasis on connecting with nature. The functionalist "Brutalism" that began in the 1950s with the works of Peter and Alison Smithson (1923- ) and Le Corbusier also became a trend in modern British architecture.
[Paintings]

[middle ages]
A notable surviving example of medieval English painting is its manuscript illumination, which precedes that of the Carolingians on the continent and is therefore of great historical importance.

From [Modern Architecture]

...The construction of new cities based on the New Towns Act (1946) in the UK was a victory for the modern movement in urban concepts. In the 1950s, styles such as Finland's Aalto, which gave architecture a regional character, Italy's PL Nervi, which elevated bold structures to architectural expression, and Brutalism, which expressed the rough surface of exposed concrete, appeared, but historical styles were never used in architectural design.
[Postmodernism]
The International Style became the mainstream for high-rise office buildings around the world, but from the 1960s onwards, voices began to emerge that disliked its uniform and impersonal spaces.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Brutalism" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 20世紀のイギリス建築の主流はいわゆる国際様式に追随しているが,その一方ではハワードの〈田園都市〉構想の影響下に,自然とのつながりを重視してつくられたサセックス大学(1960)など,伝統を反映した作品も生まれている。1950年代のスミッソン夫妻Peter Smithson(1923‐ ),Alison S.(1928‐93)やル・コルビュジエの作品に始まる機能主義的な〈ブルータリズムBrutalism〉も,イギリス現代建築のひとつの流れとなっている。
【絵画】

[中世]
 現存するイギリスの中世絵画で注目すべきものは写本装飾で,これは大陸のカロリング朝のそれに先行し,歴史的意義もきわめて大きい。…

【近代建築】より

…イギリスのニュータウン法(1946)に基づく新都市建設は,都市理念における近代運動の勝利であった。建築に風土的な個性を与えたフィンランドのアールトー,大胆な構造を建築表現に高めたイタリアのP.L.ネルビ,打放しコンクリートの肌を粗々しく表現する〈ブルータリズムBrutalism〉などが1950年代に現れたが,歴史様式が建築造形に用いられることはなかった。国際様式建築
[ポスト・モダニズム]
 国際様式は世界中の高層事務所建築の主流となったが,その画一的かつ非個性的な空間を嫌う声が60年代から現れてくる。…

※「Brutalism」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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