Guillotine - Guillotine (English spelling) French

Japanese: ギロチン - ぎろちん(英語表記)Guillotine フランス語
Guillotine - Guillotine (English spelling) French

A guillotine used for executions since the French Revolution. Properly pronounced Guillotine, it had been used in southern France and Italy for a long time, but was named after Joseph Ignace Guillotin (1738-1814), a doctor who became a member of the Constituent Assembly, who proposed its adoption to reduce the pain of those executed. It is a mistake to say that he was the inventor. The heavy, sharp blade falls in an instant, bringing about death, so in addition to the fact that the pain is light, the time required for execution is also short. It was this latter reason that led to its "efficiency" being valued as it was used to handle large numbers of people as the Reign of Terror intensified, and it became a feared symbol of the Reign of Terror. It was abolished in 1981.

[Kinichi Higuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス革命以来、死刑に使用された断頭台。正しくはギヨチーヌと発音され、古くから南フランスやイタリアで用いられていたのを、憲法制定議会議員となった医者のギヨタンJoseph Ignace Guillotin(1738―1814)が、刑死者の苦痛を軽減するために、その採用を提案したことから、この名でよばれることとなった。彼が発明者であったとするのは誤りである。重く、かつ鋭利な刃が一瞬のうちに落下して死をもたらすので、事実、苦痛が軽いことに加えて、処刑に要する時間も短く、この後者の理由が、恐怖政治の激化とともにその「能率性」を買われて、人数をこなすのに活用されて恐れられ、恐怖政治のシンボルとなった。1981年に廃止。

[樋口謹一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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