Abbreviation for intrauterine device, a type of contraception that prevents the implantation of a fertilized egg by placing a foreign object inside the uterine cavity. It is also called an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), but the name IUD was adopted by the WHO in 1966. It began to be used around 1930, and there are many types of shapes, such as ring, loop, plate, wing, spiral, T-shaped, and L-shaped, and the materials are often high molecular weight polymers such as nylon, vinyl resin, and polyethylene. In Japan, Takeo Ota (Tenrei) first reported the clinical use of the ring in 1932 (Showa 7), but it was not officially approved until 1974 (Showa 49). Currently, three types are approved: the Ota ring, the Eugene ring, and the FD-1. It is inserted by a doctor. After confirming that there is no inflammation of the genitals, malignant tumors, or menstrual abnormalities such as menorrhagia or functional uterine bleeding, the time of insertion is chosen after menstruation so as not to insert it into a pregnant uterus. It is wise to avoid it if you have uterine fibroids. IUDs have the advantage of not impairing sexual sensation and not being hassle-free, but if side effects while wearing them, such as irregular bleeding, increased vaginal discharge, menorrhagia, menstrual pain, and lower abdominal pain, occur, they must be removed. In rare cases, they may prolapse naturally. The greater the contact area between the IUD and the endometrium, the greater the contraceptive effect, and it is said that local changes that occur at the contact site inhibit the implantation of a fertilized egg. The pregnancy rate is 3 to 5 cases out of 100 couples per year. There is no set limit on the length of time the IUD can be worn, but as a rule it should be replaced within two years, taking into account the degeneration of the material. [Masao Arai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
子宮内器具(intrauterine device)の略称で、子宮腔(くう)内に異物を装着し受精卵の着床を阻止する避妊法の一種。子宮内避妊器具(IUCD)ともいうが、1966年にWHOでIUDの名称が採択された。1930年ごろから使われはじめ、形状にはリング、ループ、プレート、ウィング、スパイラル、T字、L字など多種類があり、材質は高分子の重合体であるナイロン、ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレンなどが多い。日本では1932年(昭和7)太田武夫(典礼)が初めてリングの臨床報告をしたが、正式に認可されたのは1974年(昭和49)である。現在は太田リング、優生リング、FD‐1の3種が認可されている。医師が挿入する。生殖器の炎症や悪性腫瘍(しゅよう)、過多月経や機能性子宮出血などの月経異常がないことを確かめたのちに、実施時期は、妊娠子宮に挿入しないように月経後を選ぶ。子宮筋腫がある場合には避けるのが賢明である。IUDは性感を損なわず、手間がかからない長所をもつが、装着中の副作用として不正出血、帯下(たいげ)(こしけ、おりもの)の増加、過多月経、月経痛、下腹痛などが強い場合には、抜去する必要がある。まれに自然脱出がある。避妊効果はIUDと子宮内膜との接触面が広いほど高く、接触部位に生ずる局所変化が受精卵の着床を阻害するといわれる。妊娠率は年間100組の夫婦のうち、3~5例である。装着期間に一定の制限は設けられていないが、材質の変性を考慮して2年間以内の交換が原則である。 [新井正夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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