Gierke - Otto Friedrich von Gierke

Japanese: ギールケ - ぎーるけ(英語表記)Otto Friedrich von Gierke
Gierke - Otto Friedrich von Gierke

German legal scholar. He studied at the University of Berlin, and after serving as professor at the University of Breslau and the University of Heidelberg, he is now a professor at the University of Berlin. He belongs to the school of historical law, but under the influence of G. Beseler (1809-1888), he is a representative of the Germanisten, who advocated respect for the spirit of Germanic law. His research field is extremely broad, covering German private law, feudal law, church law, civil law, commercial law, bills of exchange, state jurisprudence, and constitutional law, and his major works include Das Deutsche Genossenschaftrecht (1868-1913), a four-volume work on German collective law, and Deutsche Privatrecht (1895-1917), a three-volume work on German private law. His view of law is based on collective law, which regards human groups as organic entities, and from this standpoint he criticized the Romanisten. He is known for criticizing the first draft of the German Civil Code (1887) as being too romantic and individualistic, and the German Civil Code that came into force in 1900 was forced to incorporate his ideas, albeit partially.

[Atsushi Sato]

[Reference] | Germanischen | Romanischen

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの法学者。ベルリン大学に学び、ブレスラウ大学、ハイデルベルク大学教授を経てベルリン大学教授。歴史法学派に属するが、ベーゼラーG. Beseler(1809―1888)の影響のもと、ゲルマン法の精神の尊重を主張したゲルマニステンの代表者。彼の研究領域はきわめて広く、ドイツ私法、封建法、教会法、民法、商法、手形法、国法学、憲法に及び、主著として、『ドイツ団体法論』全4巻Das Deutsche Genossenschaftrecht(1868~1913)、『ドイツ私法論』全3巻Deutsche Privatrecht(1895~1917)を残している。彼の法律観の根底にあるものは人間団体を有機体ととらえる団体主義であり、この立場からロマニステンを批判した。なかでもドイツ民法第一草案(1887)をあまりにもロマニスト的、個人主義的であるとして批判したことは有名で、1900年施行のドイツ民法典は、部分的ではあるが、彼の主張を取り入れざるをえなかった。

[佐藤篤士]

[参照項目] | ゲルマニステン | ロマニステン

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